A Study of Social Reflexivity among Youths in City of Yazd

  Introduction   Living in a modern and global age has many crucial consequences for contemporary social actors. Transnational society or global culture is considered as a consequence of the modernization process, with a dynamic and mobile base, which is reflexivity in social life. Social life is encompassed with this fact that individuals' functions become continuously evaluated, modifying by fresh data, and the elements become fundamentally changed. Reflexivity about self and various aspects of life as well as choosing among different alternatives is an opportunity that modern society offers to people. Therefore, in modern society, humans review continuously their self as how, and what it should be. Reflexivity is a process of self-definition and redefinition by observing and focusing on information about possible ways of life. Reflexivity is a mechanism in human thinking and behavior which sets human action and controls it, of course, this mechanism is different in traditional culture in comparison to modern culture. This paper addresses reflexivity and the related factors among young citizens of Yazd city.     Materials and Methods   The research Approach used in the study was quantitative and the method was survey, with an analytical and descriptive goal. Data was collected by using researcher-designed questionnaire. Sample size was determined to be 384 cases, using Cochran's sample size formula. Multiple cluster sampling was used to sample, dividing the city into different areas of north, south and center area. Research validity is formal validity in which the items were evaluated by sociology professors. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient which showed that the items are in an internal correlation with each other. The data was analyzed in SPSS software.     Discussion of Results & Conclusions   According to descriptive results, the Mean of reflexivity among respondents was 19/16 which is above of the scale mean (15). Most of respondents had a modest reflexivity ratio. Results showed that it is not significantly different between men and women. But there is a significant relationship between education and income with reflexivity. Mass media and cultural globalization with reflexivity are in a direct relationship, that is, as use of mass media is increased, the ratio of reflexivity increases too. There is a significant relationship between religiosity and reflexivity. Multivariate regression results showed that cultural globalization and religiosity are the most important predictors of reflexivity. These two variables alone explained 17 percent variance of reflexivity variable.   Generally, with respect to research results it can be said that Iranian society is a changing society and is experiencing fast changes in different aspects. This change, which has been accompanied by current structural and cultural transformations in a global scale, have led to a pluralism in the youths' social world life and consequently have formed new attitudes and values among them. One consequence of this situation is the formation and growth of a special kind of personal identity, which has reflexivity at its core. Information and communicative technologies have led people in different areas of the world to become more informed about different lifestyles, values and behavioral norms. The result of this process is the creation of new identities among youth.     Keywords:

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Architectuur en stedenbouw maken gebruik van ruimte. Als wij architecten iets bouwen, dan blijft dat er staan. Punt. Wanneer het over de architectonische ruimte gaat, zijn wij echter niet gewend te denken in tijd. Wij hebben te maken met objecten, of beter, met gebouwen in de ruimte. Ik zou dit essay willen beginnen met mij aan te sluiten bij de oproepen uit verschillende domeinen  sociale geografie, filosofie, stedenbouwkunde en stadsontwikkeling en sommige architectuurtheorieën  tot verder onderzoek van de ruimte in combinatie met, of naast, of vervlochten met de tijd. Zoals Jon May en Nigel Thrift in het door hen samengestelde boek, Timespace: Geographies of Temporality schrijven, is er een groeiende ontevredenheid vast te stellen met de dichotomische benadering van de categorieën ruimte en tijd. Architecten en andere beroepsbeoefenaren die met steden van doen hebben, hebben de neiging het probleem voornamelijk te zien als een probleem van de ruimte: ruimtelijke planning, zonering, bouwlocaties. Historici, sociologen en stedenbouwkundigen stellen daarentegen de tijd boven de ruimte, dat wil zeggen huldigen in de eerste plaats een lineaire opvatting van de tijd. Door zo’n hard en blijvend onderscheid te maken tussen ruimte en tijd, worden de complexiteiten – en zeker de rijkdom – van beide zelden aangesproken. Niettemin willen wij hier niet pretenderen een afdoende theoretische analyse te geven van de laatste stand van het vraagstuk van tijd en ruimte. Wat de laatste jaren steeds duidelijker is geworden, is eerder dat er veel ruimtelijkheden en veelvoudige temporaliteiten bestaan, elk verschillend van de andere maar toch met elkaar verbonden. Omdat deze beschouwing zich specifiek met het thema `tijd en de stad’ bezighoudt, wil ik kort enkele van de tijdruimtelijke lagen verklaren die mogelijk van belang zouden kunnen zijn voor de analyse van de dynamische ontwikkeling van de stedelijke omgeving. Zoals wij allemaal weten, veranderen en muteren steden met de tijd. Eén manier om een begin te maken met ze op een

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