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The Founders Go On-Line: An Original Intent Solution to a Jurisdictional Dilemma

The Internet has created a blossoming cyber-economy and a new way of conducting business. Unfortunately for those looking for jurisdictional certainty, however, cyberspace also effectively eliminates geographic boundaries. The unprecedented circumstances set by this new frontier have put federal courts in the unenviable position of deciding whether Internet-based cases meet diversity jurisdiction requirements. Examining the constitutional history and recent use of diversity, this Note argues that the Founders did not foresee an era where every contract or sales case would end up in federal court; rather, they intended diversity jurisdiction to be a rare and perhaps temporary proposition. The author argues that the potential of Internet-based contacts to throw a large number of cases into federal court could overburden the federal system. This Note suggests that the solution to this problem lies in courts following the Founder\u27s intent

Marshall Magazine Summer 1999

https://mds.marshall.edu/marshall_magazine/1049/thumbnail.jp

Biocapital : the constitution of post-genomic life

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 485-497).(cont.) In the process, this thesis intervenes in social theoretical debates not simply around the nature and production of knowledge and value, but also around the place of larger belief-systems - relating to religion, nation and ethics - in such productive enterprises. It simultaneously intervenes in conceptual debates within cultural anthropology regarding methodological questions that surround the undertaking of comparative ethnographic projects of powerful sites of knowledge production and value generation in a globalized world.This thesis is concerned with tracking and theorizing the co-production of an emergent technoscientific regime - that of biotechnology in the context of drug development - with an emergent political economic regime that sees the increased prevalence of such research in corporate locales, with corporate agendas and practices. Hence biocapital, which asks questions of the implications for life sciences when performed in corporations, and for capitalism, when biotechnology becomes a key source of market value. The methodology followed in this dissertation is multi-sited ethnography. I study a range of actors - including academic and industrial scientists, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and policy makers - in two distinct national environments, the United States and India, as they shape and come to terms with these emergent technologies and emergent political economies. I attempt, through such a study, to theorize biocapital, drawing primarily upon Marxian and Foucauldian understandings of life, labor and value, and upon literature in Science and Technology Studies, that has constantly drawn attention to the constructed, contingent and politically consequent nature of technoscientific activity.by Kaushik Sunder Rajan.Ph.D

Counternarcotic efforts in the Caribbean and prospects for cooperation: a Jamaican case study

The island Caribbean serves as a major pipeline between Latin America (the world's largest producer of illicit narcotics), and the United States (the world's largest illegal narcotics consumer) . Many countries of the Caribbean have bilateral agreements with the U.S. and one another. Further, since the mid 199Os a host of Caribbean nations have signed "ship rider" agreements with the United States, vastly improving the potential for cooperation. Yet, no single region-wide plan exists to coordinate efforts against the transshipment of narcotics. Given the scope of the problem, and the recognition by individual countries of their limitations and constraints, a framework may exist to establish a region-wide counternarcotics regime.http://www.archive.org/details/counternarcotice00whalLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

The Algorithmic Divide and Equality in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

In the age of artificial intelligence, highly sophisticated algorithms have been deployed to provide analysis, detect patterns, optimize solutions, accelerate operations, facilitate self-learning, minimize human errors and biases and foster improvements in technological products and services. Notwithstanding these tremendous benefits, algorithms and intelligent machines do not provide equal benefits to all. Just as the digital divide has separated those with access to the Internet, information technology and digital content from those without, an emerging and ever-widening algorithmic divide now threatens to take away the many political, social, economic, cultural, educational and career opportunities provided by machine learning and artificial intelligence.Although policy makers, commentators and the mass media have paid growing attention to algorithmic bias and the shortcomings of machine learning and artificial intelligence, the algorithmic divide has yet to attract much policy and scholarly attention. To fill this lacuna, this article draws on the digital divide literature to systematically analyze this new inequitable gap between the technology haves and have-nots. Utilizing an analytical framework that the Author developed in the early 2000s, the article begins by discussing the five attributes of the algorithmic divide: awareness, access, affordability, availability and adaptability.This article then turns to three major problems precipitated by an emerging and fast-expanding algorithmic divide: (1) algorithmic deprivation; (2) algorithmic discrimination; and (3) algorithmic distortion. While the first two problems affect primarily those on the unfortunate side of the divide, the last problem impacts individuals on both sides. This article concludes by proposing seven non-exhaustive clusters of remedial actions to help bridge this emerging and ever-widening algorithmic divide. Combining law, communications policy, ethical principles, institutional mechanisms and business practices, the article fashions a holistic response to help foster equality in the age of artificial intelligence