Antenna design for solid material characterization

In this project design solid antenna are designed that are suitable for with MUT application with enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna was designed in CST studio software. To begin the design, a suitable substrate was chosen for the antenna. In this project, FR-4 is chosen as a substrate for the simulation. This is because the substrate has a good dielectric constant, which is good for to maintain the antenna impedance. The dielectric constant of the substrate is

A REVIEW OF INTELLIGENT CNC CONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT BASED ON STEP-NC

In the contemporary Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) machine tools of Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and CNC process conducted by a number of inter-related operations and parameters using G Codes and M codes set as RS274 or ISO 6983 standard. However, this programming language does not explicitly relate to each other to have control of arbitrary locations other than the motion of the block-by-block. STEP-NC is the extension to STEP, Standard for Exchange Product model data. This determines the neutral data format for digital information from a product. STEP-NC standard is on how information about CNC machining can be added to parts represented in the STEP product model data. In this paper is to review and explore the making of interoperable CNC manufacturing is then provided relating milling, turning, turn-mill through the development of information models for products, processes and new machining system controller developed base on new standard ISO 14649 standard and ISO 10303, which related to data modeling for CNC features, process planning, and machine tool. It is expected that this paper will meet a step towards the requirements for global interoperable manufacturing for real-life machining system

A new CNC programming method using STEP-NC protocol

Novi metod programiranja numerički upravljanih mašina alatki, koji se javlja kao alternativa G kôdu (po standardu ISO6983), je protokol AP238, ili STEP-NC, po standardu ISO10303. U radu je dato poređenje klasičnog (G kôd) i novog načina programiranja (STEP-NC), struktura opreme potrebne za novi metod programiranja, struktura programa i aktuelni scenariji za primenu protokola STEP-NC. Verifikacija navedenih scenarija realizovana je kroz tri primera.A new programming method of CNC Machine tools, which is developing as an alternative to G code, is AP238 protocol or STEP-NC, according to ISO 10303 standard. In this paper, a comparation between classical (G code) and new way of programming (STEP-NC ) is given. A structure of equipment needed for new programming method, program structure and current scenario for implementation of STEP-NC are shown. Verification of the above scenarios using the STEP-NC, is realized through three examples

A mathematical model development for the lateral collapse of octagonal tubes

. Many researches has been done on the lateral collapse of tube. However, the previous researches only focus on cylindrical and square tubes. Then a research has been done discovering the collapse behaviour of hexagonal tube and the mathematic model of the deformation behaviour had been developed [8]. The purpose of this research is to study the lateral collapse behaviour of symmetric octagonal tubes and hence to develop a mathematical model of the collapse behaviour of these tubes. For that, a predictive mathematical model was developed and a finite element analysis procedure was conducted for the lateral collapse behaviour of symmetric octagonal tubes. Lastly, the mathematical model was verified by using the finite element analysis simulation results. It was discovered that these tubes performed different deformation behaviour than the cylindrical tube. Symmetric octagonal tubes perform 2 phases of elastic - plastic deformation behaviour patterns. The mathematical model had managed to show the fundamental of the deformation behaviour of octagonal tubes. However, further studies need to be conducted in order to further improve on the proposed mathematical mode

Development of open platform controller for step-NC compliant CNC system

The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines have gone through tremendous upgrades along the years. However, conventional CNC machines could not find its place in the new era of machining under the conventional standard of ISO 6983 due to its limitation in compatibility, language difference and control has caused increase in terms of repurchase cost, reinstallations, reconfigurations and also training of operators. Therefore, this study covers the system which has been designed and developed from outdated and conventional PROLIGHT 1000 Milling CNC machine from Light Intelitek as the lesser cost solution which further discussed in detail based upon upgrades of hardware, architecture, and algorithm design. The hardware of the system was upgraded with the new servo system combined with SSCNET implementation to improve the functionality and efficiency of the new system. Meanwhile the PC-based software internal structure was developed and categorized under six modules which are Menu, Interpreter, 3D Simulation, Machine Motion System, Drill Bit Monitoring and Live Thermal Monitoring. The designed system software is established as UTHM Open CNC Controller (UOCC). It shows that the retrofitted CNC machine has successfully manufactured “Example 1” (STEP-NC) and “13 Drill Hole” (G-Code) files from the UOCC system which indicates that modules in the UOCC system are able to communicate with the CNC machine thus validating the workability of the controller. Moreover, UOCC system has been extended to online environment via Wi-Fi which utilizes Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Socket in Java which used the PC as server to create socket thus establishing bind connection between UOCC RM mobile phone and the UOCC system, allowing users to remotely monitor the machining process on mobile platform. While the UOCC AR mobile application allow users to view machining setup process through Augmented Reality guide therefore improving the average operating time for experienced users (42.46%) and non-experienced (28.36%). Moreover, the averaged users’ rating shows 93.3% of overall satisfactory from the users which shows that the addition of AR in the system is well received and accepted by the operators of the UOCC

STEP-NC-compliant implementation to support mixed-control technologies applied to stone-processing machines based on industrial automation standards

STEP-NC (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data–Numerical Control) for metal milling and turning is not implemented by industrial computer numerical controllers. Solutions reported are prototypes based on post-processing in G-code. Moreover, minority machining processes, such as stone cutting, have not yet been contemplated in the STEP-NC standard. This article takes that sector as a use case. An extended STEP-NC model for circular saw stone-cutting operations is proposed, and a prototype automation implementation is developed to work with this extended model. This article shows how modern technological resources for coordinated axes control provided by many industrial controllers for the automation of general-purpose machines can speed up the processes of implementing STEP-NC numerical controllers. This article proposes a mixed and flexible approach for STEP-NC-based machine automation, where different strategies can coexist when it comes to executing STEP-NC machining files, so controllers do not need to implement the standard in an exhaustive way for all the possible features, but only at selected ones when convenient. This is demonstrated in a prototype implementation which is able to process STEP-NC product files with mixed-feature types: standard milling and non-standard sawblade features for stone processing

An eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System for feature based manufacturing with STEP-NC

International audienceCNC feature-based programming with STEP-NC standard extends the collaborative model of manufacturing data exchange all along the numerical data chain. This paper considers the mutations related to this approach from the manufacturing system level to the industrial enterprise as a whole. The eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System concept is introduced to fill in the gap of the current manufacturing data exchange bottleneck. It is composed of eXtended CAD and eXtended CNC systems to link the CAD model to the real machined part through the Manufacturing Information Pipeline. The contributions associated with these concepts are demonstrated through a validation platform implemented on industrial CNC manufacturing equipments

A Design for a Novel Open, Intelligent and Integrated CNC System Based on ISO 10303-238 and PMAC

The combination of the high-level data model called ISO 10303-238 with the open programmable multi-axis controller (PMAC) presents a vision for the open, intelligent and integrated computer numerical control (CNC) systems whose demands have been growing with the rapid development of modern manufacturing. Evolved from design philosophy, this paper proposes a novel open, intelligent and integrated CNC system based on ISO 10303-238 and PMAC. In the system, ISO 10303-238 is chosen as the numerical control (NC) data in order to make the CNC system interoperable. And the open master-slave hardware structure on the basis of industrial process computer (IPC) + PMAC with double central processing units (CPUs) is designed in order to make the CNC system flexible. Also, the open and modular software structure is designed in order to make the CNC system intelligent. In addition, the development of the prototype system is given. At the end, it has been verified by case study that the proposed CNC system is feasible and effective

Development of an Open Soft CNC System Based on STEP-NC and Function Blocks

Modern manufacturing industries have put on increasing demands on computer numerical controllers (CNC) for it to be able to work with and process higher level input data described using languages such as STEP-NC, rather than the outdated G-codes. The research work described in this paper is about the development of a soft CNC controller that can process STEP-NC (ISO 14649) data. Function blocks (IEC 61499) are also used as the interface between the STEP-NC data model and the controller. The layered STEP-NC/FB architecture is proposed, which simplifies the design of the controller with layers responsible for data processing, data storage and execution. With the object-oriented, Model-View-Control design pattern, the STEP-NC/FB architecture supports the design framework, in which simulation of the machining becomes a natural and inherent part of the design process, with seamless transition from simulation to actual machining

STEP COMPLIANT APPROACH FOR TURN-MILL OPERATIONS

Current machine tools have incurred challenges on limitation such as part programming complexity of G and M code, weak integration of digital machine tools and coverage of universal data modeling for product and manufacturing resources. In response to this manufacturing system requirement, Standard for Exchange of Product data (STEP) and its implementation on developing an interface for the next generation of machine tool controllers (STEP-NC) has become a concern of research interest and performed on basic manufacturing technology limited to a unit domain such as turning, milling or Wire EDM. Therefore; extending this STEP implementation on multipurpose machine tools such as turn-mill machines is mandatory since the machines are the main component in these industries. The research work offers a STEP-NC compliant interface supporting turn-mill machining environment identified as SCSTMO