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Lower Bounds for Linear Locally Decodable Codes and Private Information Retrieval
We prove that if a linear error-correcting code C: {0, 1}^n → {0, 1}^m is such that a bit of the message can be probabilistically reconstructed by looking at two entries of a corrupted codeword, then m = 2^(Ω(n)). We also present several extensions of this result. We show a reduction from the complexity, of one-round, information-theoretic private information retrieval systems (with two servers) to locally decodable codes, and conclude that if all the servers' answers are linear combinations of the database content, then t = Ω(n/2^a), where t is the length of the user's query and a is the length of the servers' answers. Actually, 2^a can be replaced by O(a^k), where k is the number of bit locations in the answer that are actually inspected in the reconstruction
Improved Lower Bounds for Locally Decodable Codes and Private Information Retrieval
We prove new lower bounds for locally decodable codes and private information
retrieval. We show that a 2-query LDC encoding n-bit strings over an l-bit
alphabet, where the decoder only uses b bits of each queried position of the
codeword, needs code length m = exp(Omega(n/(2^b Sum_{i=0}^b {l choose i})))
Similarly, a 2-server PIR scheme with an n-bit database and t-bit queries,
where the user only needs b bits from each of the two l-bit answers, unknown to
the servers, satisfies t = Omega(n/(2^b Sum_{i=0}^b {l choose i})). This
implies that several known PIR schemes are close to optimal. Our results
generalize those of Goldreich et al. who proved roughly the same bounds for
linear LDCs and PIRs. Like earlier work by Kerenidis and de Wolf, our classical
lower bounds are proved using quantum computational techniques. In particular,
we give a tight analysis of how well a 2-input function can be computed from a
quantum superposition of both inputs.Comment: 12 pages LaTeX, To appear in ICALP '0
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