UPLAND PROGRAM IN INCREASING THE INCOME OF HIGHLAND FARMERS IN PURBALINGGA REGENCY

Indonesia has various types of plains that can be used to develop the agricultural sector, one of which is the highlands. The area of the highlands in Indonesia is recorded at 144.47 million hectares. Government policies are needed to increase productivity and income of upland farmers. The UPLAND program of the ministry of agriculture is expected to increase the productivity and income of upland farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the increase in the income of upland farmers in Purbalingga district. The analysis is carried out by comparing the productivity and income of farmers before the UPLAND program and after the UPLAND program, so that the significance of the increase can be known. The benefit of the results of this research is that it can be used as a reference for the government in designing and implementing programs related to agriculture. The average net income of farmers before joining the UPLAND program was IDR. 817500,- per month. After participating in the UPLAND program, the income of upland farmers can increase up to IDR. 110,000,-. The results of the paired t test analysis showed that the value of Sig. is 0.00 or <0.05, which means that there is a significant increase in income between before and after the UPLAND program. Respondents in this study were upland farmers who participated in the UPLAND program with the same area of land cultivated and agricultural commodities planted. There were 32 upland farmers working on the exact same land and commodities

Testing the equality of mean vectors for paired doubly multivariate observations in blocked compound symmetric covariance matrix setup

In this article we develop a test statistic for testing the equality of mean vectors for paired doubly multivariate observations with q response variables and u sites in blocked compound symmetric covariance matrix setting. We obtain a natural extension of the Hotelling's T-2 statistic, the Block T-2 (BT2) statistic, a convolution of two T-2's, which uses unbiased estimates of the component matrices of the orthogonally transformed blocked compound symmetric covariance matrix that is present in a data set. The new test statistic is implemented with two real data sets. We compare our findings with the conventional Hotelling's T-2 statistic. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved