20,279 research outputs found
Weight-control strategy for programmable CNN chips
This paper describes a hybrid weight-control strategy for the VLSI realization of programmable CNNs, based on automatic adaptation of analog control signals to levels specified by digital words. This approach merges the advantages of digital and analog programmability, achieving low areas and reduced number of control lines, simplifying the control and storage of the weight values, and eliminating their dependency on global process-parameter variations
"Hypothetical Integration in a Social Accounting Matrix and Fixed-price Multiplier Analysis"
This study proposes a simple modification to a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) in order to analyze the multiplier effects of a new sector. A different input composition, or technology, of the sector makes a conventional analysis of final-demand injections on existing sectors invalid. Author Kijong Kim shows that the modification--so-called hypothetical integration--is an efficient way to incorporate the difference into the SAM, rather than costly full-scale rebalancing. He applies this method to the case of the Expanded Public Works Programme in South Africa, and demonstrates that the proposed approach effectively represents the labor intensity requirement of the program and a new-factor income distribution.
Numerical investigations of discrete scale invariance in fractals and multifractal measures
Fractals and multifractals and their associated scaling laws provide a
quantification of the complexity of a variety of scale invariant complex
systems. Here, we focus on lattice multifractals which exhibit complex
exponents associated with observable log-periodicity. We perform detailed
numerical analyses of lattice multifractals and explain the origin of three
different scaling regions found in the moments. A novel numerical approach is
proposed to extract the log-frequencies. In the non-lattice case, there is no
visible log-periodicity, {\em{i.e.}}, no preferred scaling ratio since the set
of complex exponents spread irregularly within the complex plane. A non-lattice
multifractal can be approximated by a sequence of lattice multifractals so that
the sets of complex exponents of the lattice sequence converge to the set of
complex exponents of the non-lattice one. An algorithm for the construction of
the lattice sequence is proposed explicitly.Comment: 31 Elsart pages including 12 eps figure
A Scalable Correlator Architecture Based on Modular FPGA Hardware, Reuseable Gateware, and Data Packetization
A new generation of radio telescopes is achieving unprecedented levels of
sensitivity and resolution, as well as increased agility and field-of-view, by
employing high-performance digital signal processing hardware to phase and
correlate large numbers of antennas. The computational demands of these imaging
systems scale in proportion to BMN^2, where B is the signal bandwidth, M is the
number of independent beams, and N is the number of antennas. The
specifications of many new arrays lead to demands in excess of tens of PetaOps
per second.
To meet this challenge, we have developed a general purpose correlator
architecture using standard 10-Gbit Ethernet switches to pass data between
flexible hardware modules containing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
chips. These chips are programmed using open-source signal processing libraries
we have developed to be flexible, scalable, and chip-independent. This work
reduces the time and cost of implementing a wide range of signal processing
systems, with correlators foremost among them,and facilitates upgrading to new
generations of processing technology. We present several correlator
deployments, including a 16-antenna, 200-MHz bandwidth, 4-bit, full Stokes
parameter application deployed on the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of
Reionization.Comment: Accepted to Publications of the Astronomy Society of the Pacific. 31
pages. v2: corrected typo, v3: corrected Fig. 1
Knowledge Flows, Patent Citations and the Impact of Science on Technology
Technological innovation depends on knowledge developed by scientific research. The num-ber of citations made in patents to the scientific literature has been suggested as an indicator of this process of transfer of knowledge from science to technology. We provide an intersec-toral insight into this indicator, by breaking down patent citations into a sector-to-sector ma-trix of knowledge flows. We then propose a method to analyze this matrix and construct vari-ous indicators of science intensity of sectors, and the pervasiveness of knowledge flows. Our results indicate that the traditional measure of the number of citations to science literature per patent captures important aspects intersectoral knowledge flows, but that other aspects are not captured. In particular, we show that high science intensity implies that sectors are net suppli-ers of knowledge in the economic sector, but that science intensity does not say much about pervasiveness of either knowledge use or knowledge supply by sectors. We argue that these results are related to the specific and specialized nature of knowledge.Knowledge, Input-Output Analysis, Knowledge Flow Matrices, Science-to-Technology Transfer, Patents
In-plane effects on segmented-mirror control
Extremely large optical telescopes are being designed with primary mirrors composed of hundreds of segments. The âout-of-planeâ piston, tip, and tilt degrees of freedom of each segment are actively controlled using feedback from relative height measurements between neighboring segments. The âin-planeâ segment translations and clocking (rotation) are not actively controlled; however, in-plane motions affect the active control problem in several important ways, and thus need to be considered. We extend earlier analyses by constructing the âfullâ interaction matrix that relates the height, gap, and shear motion at sensor locations to all six degrees of freedom of segment motion, and use this to consider three effects. First, in-plane segment clocking results in height discontinuities between neighboring segments that can lead to a global control system response. Second, knowledge of the in-plane motion is required both to compensate for this effect and to compensate for sensor installation errors, and thus, we next consider the estimation of in-plane motion and the associated noise propagation characteristics. In-plane motion can be accurately estimated using measurements of the gap between segments, but with one unobservable mode in which every segment clocks by an equal amount. Finally, we examine whether in-plane measurements (gap and/or shear) can be used to estimate out-of-plane segment motion; these measurements can improve the noise multiplier for the âfocus-modeâ of the segmented-mirror array, which involves pure dihedral angle changes between segments and is not observable with only height measurements
Multifractal model of asset returns with leverage effect
Multifractal processes are a relatively new tool of stock market analysis.
Their power lies in the ability to take multiple orders of autocorrelations
into account explicitly. In the first part of the paper we discuss the
framework of the Lux model and refine the underlying phenomenological picture.
We also give a procedure of fitting all parameters to empirical data. We
present a new approach to account for the effective length of power-law memory
in volatility. The second part of the paper deals with the consequences of
asymmetry in returns. We incorporate two related stylized facts, skewness and
leverage autocorrelations into the model. Then from Monte Carlo measurements we
show, that this asymmetry significantly increases the mean squared error of
volatility forecasts. Based on a filtering method we give evidence on similar
behavior in empirical data.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, updated some figures and references, fixed two
typos, accepted to Physica
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