266 research outputs found
An AGAMOUS-related MADS-box gene, XAL1 (AGL12), regulates root meristem cell proliferation and flowering transition in Arabidopsis
11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table.-- PMID: 18203871 [PubMed].-- PMCID: PMC2259045.-- Supplementary information available at: http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/pp.107.108647/DC1MADS-box genes are key components of the networks that control the transition to flowering and flower development, but their role in vegetative development is poorly understood. This article shows that the sister gene of the AGAMOUS (AG) clade, AGL12, has an important role in root development as well as in flowering transition. We isolated three mutant alleles for AGL12, which is renamed here as XAANTAL1 (XAL1): Two alleles, xal1-1 and xal1-2, are in Columbia ecotype and xal1-3 is in Landsberg erecta ecotype. All alleles have a short-root phenotype with a smaller meristem, lower rate of cell production, and abnormal root apical meristem organization. Interestingly, we also encountered a significantly longer cell cycle in the strongest xal1 alleles with respect to wild-type plants. Expression analyses confirmed the presence of XAL1 transcripts in roots, particularly in the phloem. Moreover, XAL1beta-glucuronidase expression was specifically up-regulated by auxins in this tissue. In addition, mRNA in situ hybridization showed that XAL1 transcripts were also found in leaves and floral meristems of wild-type plants. This expression correlates with the late-flowering phenotypes of the xal1 mutants grown under long days. Transcript expression analysis suggests that XAL1 is an upstream regulator of SOC, FLOWERING LOCUS T, and LFY. We propose that XAL1 may have similar roles in both root and aerial meristems that could explain the xal1 late-flowering phenotype.This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México (grant nos. CO1.41848/A–1, CO1.0538/A–1, and CO1.0435.B–1); Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA)-Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM; grant nos. IN230002 and IX207104); and the University of California-MEXUS ECO IE 271 to E.R.A.-B. R.T.-L. was a recipient of CONACYT and DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM fellowships (no. IX225304). J.G.D. was supported by DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM (grant nos. IN210202 and IN225906) and CONACYT (grant no. 49267).Peer reviewe
Commission des Communautes Europeennes: Groupe du Porte-Parole. Reunion de la Commission du 10 Octobre 1984 a Strasbourg = Commission of European Communities: Spokesman Group. Meeting of the Commission of 10 October 1984 in Strasbourg. Press Spokesman Service Note to National Offices Bio No. (84) 371, 10 October 1984
Evaluation of optimization techniques for aggregation
Aggregations are almost always done at the top of operator tree after all selections
and joins in a SQL query. But actually they can be done before joins and make later
joins much cheaper when used properly. Although some enumeration algorithms
considering eager aggregation are proposed, no sufficient evaluations are available
to guide the adoption of this technique in practice. And no evaluations are done
for real data sets and real queries with estimated cardinalities. That means it is not
known how eager aggregation performs in the real world.
In this thesis, a new estimation method for group by and join combining traditional
estimation method and index-based join sampling is proposed and evaluated.
Two enumeration algorithms considering eager aggregation are implemented and
compared in the context of estimated cardinality. We find that the new estimation
method works well with little overhead and that under certain conditions, eager
aggregation can dramatically accelerate queries
Adaptive management of uncertainty in decision-making
У статті розглянуто проблеми вироблення управлінського рішення в умовах невизначеності Уточнено підходи до визначення та класифікації типів невизначеностей і нечіткостей компонентів постановки задачі прийняття управлінського рішення; проаналізовано різні аспекти прояву цих невизначеностей. Розглянуто структуру та основні технології генерування альтернативних варіантів управлінського рішення. Проаналізовано основні труднощі, з якими стикається особа, що приймає рішення, на різних етапах прийняття рішення в умовах невизначеності. Обґрунтовано доцільність, можливості та специфіку застосування адаптивного управління при прийнятті управлінських рішень в умовах невизначеності. Уточнено завдання, які можуть бути вирішені за допомогою адаптивного управління прийняттям рішень.In the article the problem of managerial decision-making under conditions of uncertainty is considered. Approaches to identification and classification of types of uncertainties and ambiguities of the components of task assignment when making a managerial decision have been updated; various aspects of manifesting these uncertainties have been analyzed. Structure and key technologies of generating alternatives for managerial decision have been considered. The main difficulties encountered by the decision maker at various stages of decision making in the context of uncertainty have been analyzed. Expediency, opportunities and specifics of using adaptive management in decision making under conditions of uncertainty have been substantiated. The tasks that can be accomplished using adaptive management of decision making have been clarified
KORELASI IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN (KTSP) DENGAN ASPEK AFEKTIF SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS VII DI MTs NEGERI KARANGKENDAL KECAMATAN KAPETAKAN KABUPATEN CIREBON
SAI’IN:
Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) di MTs
Negeri Karangkendal Kecamatan Kapetakan Kabupaten Cirebon, telah
dilaksanakan oleh guru. Akan tetapi diketahui juga bahwa dalam proses
pembelajaran masih banyak siswa yang tidak menerapkan aspek afektifnya,
seperti saat belajar ngobrol, ngantuk, tidak memperhatikan guru yang sedang
mengajar, terlambat masuk kelas, tidak mencatat pelajaran, membawa buku
pelajaran yang bukan jadwalnya atau tidak membawa alat tulis, mengerjakan
tugas mata pelajaran lain, dan tidak berpakaian rapih.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui data implementasi Kurikulum
Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) di MTs Negeri Karangkendal Kecamatan
Kapetakan Kabupaten Cirebon, mengetahui data aspek afektif siswa pada mata
pelajaran IPS kelas VII di MTs Negeri Karangkendal Kecamatan Kapetakan
Kabupaten Cirebon, dan mengetahui data seberapa besar korelasi implementasi
Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dengan aspek afektif siswa pada
mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII di MTs Negeri Karangkendal Kecamatan Kapetakan
Kabupaten Cirebon.
Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dirancang
untuk memberikan warna yang berbeda antara sekolah yang satu dengan yang
lainnya, karena dalam pelaksanaan KTSP membebaskan setiap satuan pendidikan
melalui kepala sekolah atau komite sekolah untuk mengembangkan potensi yang
ada di daerahnya masing-masing sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat, sehingga
setiap daerah bisa megembangkan budaya, bahasa, dan sebagainya untuk
melestarikan hal tersebut melalui satuan pendidikan masing-masing.
Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Sedangkan teknik
pengumpulan datanya yaitu observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian di MTsN Karangkendal Kecamatan Kapetakan Kabupaten
Cirebon dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan (KTSP) yaitu cukup baik dalam kategori 58,3%, demikian aspek
afektif siswa kelas VII pada mata pelajaran IPS yaitu cukup baik dalam kategori
61,2%. Sedangkan korelasi implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
(KTSP) dengan aspek afektif mata pelajaran IPS adalah -0,319 berarti korelasi
yang tergolong rendah Ho diterima Ha ditolak. Namun koefisien determinasi atau
kontribusi korelasi implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP)
dengan aspek afektif siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS sebesar 10,2% sisanya
sebesar 89,8% disebabkan faktor lain.
Kata kunci: Kurikulum, KTSP, Aspek Afektif
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