PENENTUAN TINGKAT KERAWANAN LONGSOR DAN ARAHAN KONSERVASI LAHAN DI SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SERAYU HULU KABUPATEN WONOSOBO TAHUN 2012

Imam Widodo. PENENTUAN TINGKAT KERAWANAN LONGSOR DAN ARAHAN KONSERVASI LAHAN DI SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SERAYU HULU KABUPATEN WONOSOBO TAHUN 2012. Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Juli 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui persebaran tingkat kerawanan longsor di Sub DAS Serayu Hulu, (2) mengetahui tipe longsor yang berkembang di Sub DAS Serayu Hulu, (3) memberi arahan konservasi lahan di Sub DAS Serayu Hulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan dirancang menggunakan metode survei dengan satuan lahan sebagai unit analisisnya. Satuan lahan disusun dari tumpangsusun peta geologi, peta tanah, peta lereng dan peta penggunaan lahan. Populasi terdiri dari 38 satuan lahan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel saturation sampling (sampling jenuh) dengan jumlah sampel 38 diambil pada masing-masing satuan lahan. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis tingkat kerawanan longsor dengan cara skoring parameter penentu longsor, tipe longsor yang berkembang dengan observasi lapangan, dan konservasi lahan dengan metode vegetatif dan mekanik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Sub DAS Serayu Hulu terdiri dari tiga kelas tingkat kerawanan longsor yaitu tingkat kerawanan longsor rendah dengan luas 356,60 Ha ( 10,26%), tingkat kerawanan longsor sedang dengan luas 1.808,54 Ha (52,01%), dan tingkat kerawanan longsor tinggi dengan luas 1.311,97 Ha ( 37,73%); (2) Sub DAS Serayu Hulu memiliki satu tipe longsor yang berkembang, yaitu tipe longsor translasi dengan 5 titik longsor yang tersebar di lima satuan lahan yaitu satuan lahan lahan Qj-AAcRc- IV-Tgl, Qj-OE-III-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-IV-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-V-Tgl, dan Qsu-AAcRc- III-Tgl; (3) Sub DAS Serayu Hulu memiliki tujuh arahan konservasi lahan vegetatif dan mekanik. Arahan konservasi terluas adalah arahan konservasi G yaitu dengan melakukan konservasi mekanik berupa pembuatan teras individu dan teras kebun, dengan luas 1728,57 Ha (49,71%) yang tersebar di 10 satuan lahan yaitu satuan lahan Qd-AAcRc-V-Ht, Qd-OE-V-Ht, Qd-OE-V-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-VHt, Qj-AAcRc-V-Tgl, Qj-OE-V-Ht, Qsu-AAcRc-V-Ht, Qsu-KRkL-V-Ht, Qsu- KRkL-V-Kb, dan Qsu-KRkL-V-Tgl. Kata kunci: longsor, kerawanan, konservasi Imam Widodo. DETERMINING THE VULNERABILITY OF LANDSLIDES AND LAND CONSERVATION DIRECTIVES IN UPPER SERAYU SUB WATERSHEDS WONOSOBO DISTRICT IN 2012. Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training, and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, July 2013. The purpose of this research are (1) to know the level of vulnerability landslide distribution in Upper Serayu Sub Watershed, (2) to know the type of lanslide that developed in Upper Serayu Sub Watershed, (3) directing land conservation in Upper Serayu Sub Watershed. This research is descriptive study using a qualitative approach and designed using the survey method which is land unit as analysis unite. Land unit created from overlay process whic is overlayed are geological map, soil map, slope map, and land use map. The population consist of 38 land unit, this research using saturation sampling as sampling technique. To collecting data from research location this research using field observation and documentation. Landslide vulnerability analysis technique done by scoring the landslide parameter, landslide types that developed using observation, and land conservation using vegetative and mechanical methods. Based on data analysis, the result of the research can be concluded as follows: (1) Upper Serayu sub Watersehed consist of three classes landslides vulnerability levels which is low vulnerability level 356,60 Ha width (10,26%), medium vulnerability level 1.808,54 Ha width (52,01%), and high 1.311,97 Ha width (37,73%). (2) There is only one developing type of landslide in Upper Serayu Sub Watershed that is translational landslide. This translational landslide found in five landslide point spreaded in five land units tah is Qj-AAcRc-IV-Tgl, Qj-OE-III-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-IV-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-V-Tgl, and Qsu-AAcRc-III-Tgl; (3) Upper serayu sub watersehed has seven land conservation direction using mechanical and vegetative methods. Conservation type G was the largest land conservation direction using mechanical conservation by build individual terrace and garden terrace with 1728,57 Ha width (49,71%) spreaded in ten land units that is Qd-AAcRc-V-Ht, Qd-OE-V-Ht, Qd-OE-V-Tgl, Qj-AAcRc-V-Ht, Qj-AAcRc- V-Tgl, Qj-OE-V-Ht, Qsu-AAcRc-V-Ht, Qsu-KRkL-V-Ht, Qsu-KRkL-V-Kb, and Qsu-KRkL-V-Tgl. Keyword: landslide, vulnerability, conservatio

Hybrid sol-gel coatings containing clay nanoparticles for corrosion protection of mild steel

The development of a new environment-friendly anticorrosive coating for mild steel substrate is afforded in this work. The combined use of cerium, as a self-healing agent, and clay nanoparticles, as improvers of the barrier properties, was considered to the development of new anticorrosive sol-gel coatings. Nanostructured hybrid films were synthesized by the sol-gel route from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glicidoxipropyl-trimetoxisilano (GPTMS) using laminar nanoclays (Laponite Na+0.7[Si8Mg5.5Li0.3H4O24]−0.7) to improve mechanical and barrier properties, and Ce(NO3)3?6H2O as a supplier of Ce(III) to provide an inhibiting effect in the event of coating failure. Carbon steel plates, AISI 1010, were used as substrates. Prior to the application of the coating, samples were treated with a phosphoric acid 2% v/v in order to improve coating adherence.In order to evaluate cerium effect, electrochemical behaviour of films containing Laponite and cerium salts (TGL-Ce) were compared with films containing only Laponite (TGL) by means of potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements using a 0.35 wt% NaCl solution. Microstructural characterization and surface analysis of substrates and sol-gel coatings were performed by optical microscopy and by XPS techniques. The use of nanoclays allowed to achieve a significant improvement of the anticorrosive behaviour of the cerium doped coating at the same time that enhances the physical integrity of the coatings under immersion tests.Fil: Santana, Ianina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Pepe, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Schreiner, Wido H.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Pellice, Sergio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Ceré, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

Best-First Surface Realization

Current work in surface realization concentrates on the use of general, abstract algorithms that interpret large, reversible grammars. Only little attention has been paid so far to the many small and simple applications that require coverage of a small sublanguage at different degrees of sophistication. The system TG/2 described in this paper can be smoothly integrated with deep generation processes, it integrates canned text, templates, and context-free rules into a single formalism, it allows for both textual and tabular output, and it can be parameterized according to linguistic preferences. These features are based on suitably restricted production system techniques and on a generic backtracking regime.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX source, one EPS figur

Tidal energy machines: A comparative life cycle assessment

Marine energy in the UK is currently undergoing a period of exponential growth in terms of development and implementation. The current installed tidal energy capacity of around 4MW is expected to rise to provide up to 20% of the UK’s electricity demand by 2050 [5]. With this in mind, there is a huge range of energy devices, all seemingly promoted by their developers as the best method of extracting power from the ocean. Embodied energy is an important aspect of any power producing device or process, and is used to describe the amount of energy required to begin and maintain the process of energy generation. Until a device or process has generated this amount of energy it cannot be said to be a net contributor of energy. This work used Life Cycle Assessment to study four tidal energy devices, representing a cross section of the existing designs, and compares their embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions. In order to ensure a fair comparison, a hypothetical installation site is used, with conditions typical of those found at potential array installation sites in the UK. The designs studied include a multi-blade turbine, two three blade horizontal axis turbine machines, and an Archimedes’ screw device. These machines were chosen to represent a cross section of device, foundation, installation and operation designs. They have all been developed to prototype stage, meaning that actual manufacturing data is available. Embodied energy is considered over the entire lifetime of each device, beginning with extraction of raw materials. Energy use from fabrication, transport, installation, lifetime maintenance, end-of-life decommissioning and recycling are all calculated, and compared to the energy generation from each device at the test site. Finally, the embodied energy; CO2 intensity; and energy payback periods are compared to those of conventional power generating systems as well as other renewable energy sources. A range of data sources are used. Embodied energy of steel has been provided by the World Steel Association. Of the four devices studied, all were found to achieve CO2 and energy payback within the first 12 years of their lifetime, and exhibited CO2 intensity of between 18 and 35 gCO2/kWh. This compares favourably to many current energy sources, and is likely to fall as technology improves, array size increases and industry experience progresses

Properties and observability of glitches and anti-glitches in accreting pulsars

Several glitches have been observed in young, isolated radio pulsars, while a clear detection in accretion-powered X-ray pulsars is still lacking. We use the Pizzochero snowplow model for pulsar glitches as well as starquake models to determine for the first time the expected properties of glitches in accreting pulsars and their observability. Since some accreting pulsars show accretion-induced long-term spin-up, we also investigate the possibility that anti-glitches occur in these stars. We find that glitches caused by quakes in a slow accreting neutron star are very rare and their detection extremely unlikely. On the contrary, glitches and anti-glitches caused by a transfer of angular momentum between the superfluid neutron vortices and the non-superfluid component may take place in accreting pulsars more often. We calculate the maximum jump in angular velocity of an anti-glitch and we find that it is expected to be about 1E-5 - 1E-4 rad/s. We also note that since accreting pulsars usually have rotational angular velocities lower than those of isolated glitching pulsars, both glitches and anti-glitches are expected to have long rise and recovery timescales compared to isolated glitching pulsars, with glitches and anti-glitches appearing as a simple step in angular velocity. Among accreting pulsars, we find that GX 1+4 is the best candidate for the detection of glitches with currently operating X-ray instruments and future missions such as the proposed Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT).Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 6 pages. Minor changes to match the final A&A versio

Plug-in, Trainable Gate for Streamlining Arbitrary Neural Networks

Architecture optimization, which is a technique for finding an efficient neural network that meets certain requirements, generally reduces to a set of multiple-choice selection problems among alternative sub-structures or parameters. The discrete nature of the selection problem, however, makes this optimization difficult. To tackle this problem we introduce a novel concept of a trainable gate function. The trainable gate function, which confers a differentiable property to discretevalued variables, allows us to directly optimize loss functions that include non-differentiable discrete values such as 0-1 selection. The proposed trainable gate can be applied to pruning. Pruning can be carried out simply by appending the proposed trainable gate functions to each intermediate output tensor followed by fine-tuning the overall model, using any gradient-based training methods. So the proposed method can jointly optimize the selection of the pruned channels while fine-tuning the weights of the pruned model at the same time. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method efficiently optimizes arbitrary neural networks in various tasks such as image classification, style transfer, optical flow estimation, and neural machine translation.Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2020 (Poster

Effects of endurance versus strength training programs in the lipid profile of sedentary young adults

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality in the world, and abnormal blood lipids are an important risk factors for these disease (Stampfer et al., 2000). Thus, controlling this risk factor, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides levels is essential (Curb et al., 2004). It is consensual that physical activity contributes to healthy lipidic levels (Haskell, 1984), however, it is not clear which type of exercise training is the best to this end. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of aerobic vs. strength training in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGL) levels of young adults. Methods The sample was randomly clustered into three groups: the aerobic training group (N=32), the strength training group (N=28) and the control group (N=21). All participants were sedentary college students (young adults) and were similar age and height. The aerobic and strength training programs comprised a period of 14 weeks, with three sessions/week for 1 hour. Three evaluations were performed (initial, 7weeks and 14weeks), in which body composition was measured and unstimulated whole saliva was collected using the drooling technique. Salivary cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed by colorimetric methods. Results Comparison evidenced that the strength group showed a decrease in TC over the 14 weeks. On the contrary, the control group showed an increase in TC (p=0,017). These contributed to the observed differences in TC between strength and control groups after the 14 weeks (p=0,035). Regarding the TGL, there was a reduction in the aerobic group over the 14 weeks (p=0,003). The TGL levels of the strength and the control groups did not changed significantly. Conclusions Taking into account the young adults population and the training programs performed, our results seem to indicate that the strength training may be useful in TC reduction and the aerobic training in TGL reduction

Triangular Gatzouras-Lalley-type planar carpets with overlaps

We construct a family of planar self-affine carpets with overlaps using lower triangular matrices in a way that generalizes the original Gatzouras--Lalley carpets defined by diagonal matrices. Assuming the rectangular open set condition, Bara\'nski proved for this construction that for typical parameters, which can be explicitly checked, the inequalities between the Hausdorff, box and affinity dimension of the attractor are strict. We generalize this result to overlapping constructions, where we allow complete columns to be shifted along the horizontal axis or allow parallelograms to overlap within a column in a transversal way. Our main result is to show sufficient conditions under which these overlaps do not cause the drop of the dimension of the attractor. Several examples are provided to illustrate the results, including a self-affine smiley, a family of self-affine continuous curves, examples with overlaps and an application of our results to some three-dimensional systems.Comment: 12 figures; v2: improved presentation, updated references, added a three-dimensional example and an Appendix. Results unchange