Complexity-entropy analysis at different levels of organization in written language

Written language is complex. A written text can be considered an attempt to convey a meaningful message which ends up being constrained by language rules, context dependence and highly redundant in its use of resources. Despite all these constraints, unpredictability is an essential element of natural language. Here we present the use of entropic measures to assert the balance between predictability and surprise in written text. In short, it is possible to measure innovation and context preservation in a document. It is shown that this can also be done at the different levels of organization of a text. The type of analysis presented is reasonably general, and can also be used to analyze the same balance in other complex messages such as DNA, where a hierarchy of organizational levels are known to exist

Oneiric stress and safety and security at work: the discovery of a new universal symbol

Cox and Griffiths define as psychosocial risks at work “those aspects of the planning, organization and management of work, which, along with their environmental and social contexts, may affect mental and physical health of the employees, directly or indirectly producing stress”. Therefore, a more effective approach to occupational safety and security should include integrated risk management through the identification of any work stress related problem. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the possible correlation of risk at work with the modification of sleep, and inside it, the specific function of dream activity

A semiclassical condition for chaos based on Pesin theorem

A semiclassical method to determine if the classical limit of a quantum system is chaotic or not, based on Pesin theorem, is presented. The method is applied to a phenomenological Gamow--type model and it is concluded that its classical limit is chaotic

Eliminating unpredictable variation through iterated learning

Human languages may be shaped not only by the (individual psychological) processes of language acquisition, but also by population-level processes arising from repeated language learning and use. One prevalent feature of natural languages is that they avoid unpredictable variation. The current work explores whether linguistic predictability might result from a process of iterated learning in simple diffusion chains of adults. An iterated artificial language learning methodology was used, in which participants were organised into diffusion chains: the first individual in each chain was exposed to an artificial language which exhibited unpredictability in plural marking, and subsequent learners were exposed to the language produced by the previous learner in their chain. Diffusion chains, but not isolate learners, were found to cumulatively increase predictability of plural marking by lexicalising the choice of plural marker. This suggests that such gradual, cumulative population-level processes offer a possible explanation for regularity in language