Simultaneous expression of CD4 and CD8 antigens by a substantial proportion of resting porcine T lymphocytes

The existence of four subpopulations in resting porcine T lymphocytes is documented. In addition to the two known subpopulations which are typified by a mutually exclusive expression of either the CD8 or the CD4 differentiation antigen, CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes, respectively, two unusual subpopulations were prominent not only in peripheral blood, but also in lymphoid tissues: CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes expressing neither of these antigens and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes coexpressing both antigens. While CD4+CD8+ lymphoblasts have been found also in other species, resting T lymphocytes with that phenotype are without precedent among all species analyzed to date. This unique composition of the porcine T lymphocyte population has to be taken into consideration when the swine is used as a large animal model in experimental medicine

Uncovered stent does not provoke reactions in renal arteries and renal parenchyma in swines

OBJECTIVE: To assess the histological changes of the aorta, the renal arteries and the renal parenchyma in swine, induced by a metalic uncovered stent implanted in transrenal position in the abdominal aorta. METHODS: Ten pigs with a mean weight of 86.6 kg and mean age of 6 months underwent implantation of metal stent graft placed in the aorta at the level of the renal arteries after 100 days of implantation. The self-expanding stents were released by laparotomy. Anatomic and histological analyses of the abdominal aorta, the renal arteries and the renal parenchyma were performed. Histological slices were performed in the following sites: 1) transitional zone between the aorta with and without stent graft; 2) portion of the renal arteries ostia; 3) renal parenchyma. The slices were stained through the hematoxylin and eosin stain technique and analyzed according the protocol of histological analyses applied in the clinical practice of pathology labs. RESULTS: The macroscopic findings showed thickening of the aortic wall; patent renal arteries; and normal anatomic renal structures. Microscopic analyses, close to the stents, showed thickening of the vascular wall, renal arteries without changes, and preserved renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The uncovered stainless steel stent caused a significant inflammatory reaction with thickening of the aortic wall. However, the renal arteries remained patent and the renal parenchyma did not present embolic or ischemic changes.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histológicas da aorta, artéria renal e parênquima renal, em suínos, induzidos pelo stent metálico descoberto implantado em localização transrenal na aorta abdominal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 suínos com peso médio de 86,6 quilos e idade média de 6 meses, submetidos a implante de stent metálico posicionado na aorta, no nível das artérias renais, após 100 dias do implante. Os stents foram liberados por auto-expansão com laparotomia. Foram realizadas análises anatômicas e histológicas da aorta abdominal, artérias renais e parênquima renal. Os cortes histológicos foram realizados nos seguintes locais: 1) transição entre a aorta normal e aorta contendo stent; 2) porção contendo os óstios das artérias renais, 3) parênquima renal. As lâminas foram coradas pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina e analisadas conforme protocolo de análise histológica aplicada na prática clínica dos laboratórios de patologia. RESULTADOS: Os achados macroscópicos revelaram espessamento da parede aórtica; artérias renais pérvias; estrutura anatômica renal normal. Análises microscópicas, próximas aos stents, evidenciaram espessamento da parede vascular, artérias renais sem alterações e parênquima renal preservado. CONCLUSÃO: O stent de aço inoxidável descoberto produziu importante reação inflamatória com espessamento da parede da aorta. No entanto, as artérias renais permaneceram pérvias e o parênquima renal sem alterações isquêmicas ou embólicas.INCOR Hospital Maternidade Marieta Konder BonhausemUNIFESPUNIFESP - Escola Paulista de Medicina São PauloUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Hospital VeterinárioLaboratório RochaHospital São JoséSanta CasaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Intracellular Concentrations of Fosfomycin in Alveolar Macrophages from Weaning Piglets

At weaning, piglets are more susceptible to infectious diseases, being respiratory syndromes one of the most frequent conditions. Fosfomycin is indicated for the treatment of a variety of porcine bacterial pathogens, with MIC90 ranging between 0.25-0.50 µg mLG1 . Fosfomycin exhibits a time-dependent killing. Thus, killing of bacteria occurs when its concentrations remain constantly above the MIC. Fosfomycin concentrations in respiratory cells and epithelial lining fluid of pigs have already been studied. Although, fosfomycin showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, concentrations in alveolar macrophages (biophase for facultative and obligate intracellular microorganisms) have not been established in any species. The present study determined the intracellular concentrations of disodium fosfomycin in alveolar macrophages after a single IM dose of 15 mg kgG1 in the gluteal muscle. Concentrations ranged from 0.14-1.52 µg mLG1 , being lower than those found in epithelial lining fluid (49.03%) and respiratory cells (54.48%). The Cmax was 1.52 µg mLG1 and Tmax was 4 h. Concentrations exceeded the MIC90 for most pathogens of importance in pig production for up to six hours (T>MIC = 6 h). Therefore, fosfomycin may be useful in the treatment of lung infections caused by facultative intracellular microorganisms.Fil: Pérez, Denisa Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; Argentina. Fundación Bunge y Born; ArgentinaFil: Soraci, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Paggi, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Riccio, Maria Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Dieguez, Susana Nelly. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Maria Ofelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencia Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Toxicología; Argentin

Coronaviruses Detected in Brazilian Wild Birds Reveal Close Evolutionary Relationships with Beta- and Deltacoronaviruses Isolated From Mammals

This study showed that the most of the coronaviruses (CoVs) detected in Brazilian wild birds clustered with the mouse hepatitis virus A59 strain, belonging to the BetaCoV group. Furthermore, CoV detected in two different bird species, Amazona vinacea and Brotogeris tirica, clustered with a CoV isolated from Sparrow (SpaCoV HKU17) belonging to a monophyletic group related with the CoVs isolated from swines (PorCoV HKU15), both belonging to the DeltaCoV genus, previously unreported in South America. Considering the risk of inter-species host switching and further adaptation to new hosts, detection in bird species of CoVs closely related to mammal CoVs should warn for the potential emergence of new threatening viruses.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grants 2013/03922-6 and 2011/50919-5

Tissue Disposition and Withdrawal Time of Fosfomycin in Swines after Oral and Intramuscular Administration

A HPLC-MS/MS method, which was suitable to be used in withdrawal time studies, was validated for the determination of fosfomycin in swine muscle, liver, kidney and skin-fat. Therefore, the withdrawal time of fosfomycin in swines, considering a MRL of 0.5 μg/mL was studied. Forty-eight pigs were assigned to two groups; in group one, fosfomycin was orally administered daily with 30 mg⁄kg bw and to the other group a dose of 15 mg⁄kg bw of the antibiotic was intramuscularly administered. Pigs were slaughtered 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours later of oral treatment withdrawn and post intramuscular treatment. The longer WDT was 2.95 days for the PO administration and 1.73 days for the IM administration; therefore, WDTs of 3 days and 2 days, respectively, could be assigned as a precautionary principle for public health, without a significant economic impact for the swine producer.Fil: Pérez, Denisa Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Soraci, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Maria Ofelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Infection of herons and domestic fowls with Japanese encephalitis virus with specific reference to maternal antibody of hen (epidemiological study on Japanese encephalitis 26

In order to ascertain whether black-crowned night herons (BCNH), white heron (Plumed Egrets (PE)) and domestic fowls are infected by JE virus and they serve as infection source ofJE, hemoagglutination inhibiting antibody and its 2·ME sensitive antibody in the sera of these birds were determined. Physico-chemical nature of fowl's antibody of JE produced by natural infection and their maternal antibody in the sera of chicks were examined. The results are briefly summarized as follows. 1) As to the herons captured in Tsudaka Town, two out of six adult night herons and three out of the four chicks showed positive HI reaction. On the other hand, HI reaction in the sera of two adult white herons and three chicks were negative. 2) As to the herons captured in Okayama City, twenty out of thirtytwo adult night herons and seven out of seventy white herons showed positive HI reaction in 1966 around the time when JE was prevalent in Okayama Prefecture. And six out of eleven night herons and one out of seven white herons showing positive HI reaction, responded positively to 2-ME sensitivity test. 3) The results indicate that white herons can be also infection source ofJE though less than in the case of night herons. 4) In the domestic fowls (white leghorn) kept at Takahashi District, eight out of twenty-seven fowls showed positive HI reaction. And six out of seven domestic fowls showing positive HI reaction responded positively to 2-ME sensitive reaction. 5) Transformation of JE antibody in the serum of hen from IgM to IgG was recognized. 6) Domestic chicken's sera having 1 : 640 of HI titer in the original serum and 1 : 320 of HI titer after 2-ME treatment were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and the antibody activities present in the various fractions were determined. HI antibody activities occurred in both IgM and IgG classes of immunoglobulins. 7) Maternal HI antibodies reacting with JE virus were found in newly hatched domestic chickens from the eggs laid by hens with natural infection ofJE. And half life of HI antibodies in chicks was four days. 8) HI antibodies of JE in the serum of maternal immune-hens and chicken having maternal antibody were located in r-globulin fraction by starch block electrophoresis. 9) The results from 4) to 8) indicate the presence of natural infection ofJE in the domestic fowls. And domestic fowls can be infection source ofJE.</p

Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis at 7-Day of Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives &#xd;&#xa;This study is to investigate the angiogenesis and vasculogenesis at the first week of reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).&#xd;&#xa;Methods &#xd;&#xa;16 of mini-swines (20 to 30 Kg) were randomly assigned to the sham-operated group and the AMI group. The acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion model was created and the pig tail catheter was performed to monitor hemodynamics before left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, 90 min of LAD occlusion and 120 min of LAD reperfusion. Pathologic myocardial tissue was collected at 7-day of LAD reperfusion and further assessed by immunochemistry, dual immunochemistry, in-situ hybridization, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. &#xd;&#xa;Results &#xd;&#xa;The infarcted area had higher FLK1 mRNA expression than sham-operated area and the normal area (all P&#x3c;0.05), and the infarcted and marginal areas showed higher CD146 protein expression than the sham-operated area (all P&#x3c;0.05), but the microvessel density (CD31 positive expression of microvessels/HP) was not significantly different between the infarcted area and the sham-operated area (8.92&#xb1;3.05 vs 6.43&#xb1;1.54) at 7-day of reperfused acute myocardial infarction (P&#x3e;0.05). &#xd;&#xa;Conclusions &#xd;&#xa;FLK1 and CD146 expression significantly increase in the infarcted and marginal areas, and the microvessel density is not significantly different between the infarcted area and the sham-operated area, suggesting that angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the infarcted area appear to high frequency of increase in 7-day of reperfused myocardial infarction. &#xd;&#xa