Review on Comparison of AODV in MANET

In this revolutionary world mobile devices are very important for human being. Without mobile no one can fulfill their daily routines. For this scenario we study mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In MANET mobile nodes communicate with each other using some wireless links without any infrastructure. Many routing protocols are needed for communication in such a network. There are many performance metrics to compare Ad hoc routing protocols. In this paper, there is comparison between two protocols AODV and AODVE (AODV with energy). In which average delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput measured respectively. This paper also provides a way that how to carry out such a comparative study, which could be used for future research

Route discovery based on energy-distance aware routing scheme for MANET

Route discovery proses in a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is challenging due to the limitation of energy at each network node. The energy constraint limits network connection lifetime thus affecting the routing process. Therefore, it is necessary for each node in the network to calculate routing factor in terms of energy and distance in deciding optimal candidate relay nodes needed to forward packets. This study proposes a new route discovery mechanism called the Energy-Distance Routing Aware (EDRA) that determines the selection of nodes during route discovery process to improve the network connection lifetime. This mechanism comprises of three schemes namely the Energy-Distance Factor Aware (EDFA), the Energy-Distance Forward Strategy (EDFS), and the Energy-Aware Route Selection (EARS). The EDFA scheme begins by calculating each nodes energy level (ei) and the distance (di) to the neighbouring nodes to produce the energy-distance factor value used in selecting the relay nodes. Next, the EDFS scheme forwards route request packets within discovery area of relay nodes based on the number of nodes. Then, the EARS scheme selects stable routing path utilising updated status information from EDFA and EDFS. The evaluation of EDRA mechanism is performed using network simulator Ns2 based on a defined set of performance metrics, scenarios and network scalability. The experimental results show that the EDRA gains significant improvement in the network connection lifetime when compared to those of the similar mechanisms, namely the AODV and the DREAM. EDRA also optimises energy consumption by utilising efficient forwarding decisions on varying scale of network nodes. Moreover, EDRA maximizes network connection lifetime while preserving throughput and packet drop ratio. This study contributes toward developing an efficient energy-aware routing to sustain longer network connection lifetime in MANET environment. The contribution is significant in promoting the use of green and sustainable next generation network technology

GSAR: Greedy Stand-Alone Position-Based Routing protocol to avoid hole problem occurance in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The routing process in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) poses critical challenges because of its features such as frequent topology changes and resource limitations. Hence, designing a reliable and dynamic routing protocol that satisfies MANET requirements is highly demanded. The Greedy Forwarding Strategy (GFS) has been the most used strategy in position-based routing protocols. The GFS algorithm was designed as a high-performance protocol that adopts hop count in soliciting shortest path. However, the GFS does not consider MANET needs and is therefore insufficient in computing reliable routes. Hence, this study aims to improve the existing GFS by transforming it into a dynamic stand-alone routing protocol that responds swiftly to MANET needs, and provides reliable routes among the communicating nodes. To achieve the aim, two mechanisms were proposed as extensions to the current GFS, namely the Dynamic Beaconing Updates Mechanism (DBUM) and the Dynamic and Reactive Reliability Estimation with Selective Metrics Mechanism (DRESM). The DBUM algorithm is mainly responsible for providing a node with up-to-date status information about its neighbours. The DRESM algorithm is responsible for making forwarding decisions based on multiple routing metrics. Both mechanisms were integrated into the conventional GFS to form Greedy Stand-Alone Routing (GSAR) protocol. Evaluations of GSAR were performed using network simulator Ns2 based upon a defined set of performance metrics, scenarios and topologies. The results demonstrate that GSAR eliminates recovery mode mechanism in GFS and consequently improve overall network performance. Under various mobility conditions, GSAR avoids hole problem by about 87% and 79% over Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing and Position-based Opportunistic Routing Protocol respectively. Therefore, the GSAR protocol is a reasonable alternative to position-based unicast routing protocol in MANET

Study on Energy Conservation in MANET

Abstract—Battery energy is a rare resource in MANET and it often affects the communication activities in network. In this paper, we first present an energy management model, in which each node can transfer its state between power-save mode and active mode. Based on such model, we propose a routing protocol for further energy control. In the protocol, a new routing function dealt with both MAC layer and network layer is defined. It can dynamically adjust transmission power of nodes for per-hop energy saving and, also consider the residual energy of node for balancing traffic load to achieve overall energy efficiency. Among the feasible paths, the one with the maximal value of joint function will be chosen as the optimal route for data transportation. Simulation results show that such protocol can remarkably increase the life-span of network with lower energy consumption when compared to the routing scheme according to the shortest path and without energy control mode. Index Terms—MANET, energy consumption, routing protocol I