Inter-market Arbitrage in Sports Betting

Unlike the existing literature on sports betting, which concentrates on arbitrage within a single market, this paper examines inter-market arbitrage by searching for arbitrage opportunities through combining bets at the bookmaker and the exchange market. Using the posted odds of eight different bookmakers and the corresponding odds traded at a well-known bet exchange for 5,478 football matches played in the top-five European leagues during three seasons, we find (only) ten intra-market arbitrage opportunities. However, we find 1,450 cases in which a combined bet at the bookmaker as well as at the exchange yields a guaranteed positive return. Further analyses reveal that inter-market arbitrage emerges from different levels of informational efficiency between the two markets.sports betting, inter-market arbitrage

Credit derivatives in emerging markets

Credit Derivatives are securities that offer protection against credit or default risk of bonds or loans. The credit derivatives emerging market has grown rapidly and credit derivatives are widely used. This paper describes the emerging credit derivatives market structure. The current market activity is analyzed through elementary pricing dynamics and the study of the term structure of default risk. Focusing on the performance of credit derivatives in stress situation, including legal and market risks, we discuss the potential consequences of a debt restructuring in a large emerging market borrower. The contribution of credit derivatives to the risk sharing in emerging markets is also examined.Emerging markets, derivatives, sovereign debt, debt restructuring

A New Capital Regulation For Large Financial Institutions

We design a new, implementable capital requirement for large financial institutions (LFIs) that are too big to fail. Our mechanism mimics the operation of margin accounts. To ensure that LFIs do not default on either their deposits or their derivative contracts, we require that they maintain an equity cushion sufficiently great that their own credit default swap price stays below a threshold level, and a cushion of long term bonds sufficiently large that, even if the equity is wiped out, the systemically relevant obligations are safe. If the CDS price goes above the threshold, the LFI regulator forces the LFI to issue equity until the CDS price moves back down. If this does not happen within a predetermined period of time, the regulator intervenes. We show that this mechanism ensures that LFIs are always solvent, while preserving some of the disciplinary effects of debt.Banks, Capital Requirement, Too Big to Fail

Multinational Corporations and Endogenous Growth: An Eclectic-Paradigmatic Analysis

Endogenous growth theory recently originated in economics. Building on this theory, this chapter conceptualizes the phenomenon of endogenous growth in terms of some new ideas developed in the field of international business (IB). These ideas have so far been not linked to the notion of endogenous growth. On the other hand, mainstream economics has not made much progress in exploring the MNC-government relationships through which growth-inducing "mechanics" are created, a topic of great importance and research in the IB-related discipline. Both MNCs and governments complement each other in facilitating an efficient matching of ownership-specific assets (notably knowledge) with location-specific advantages, thereby enabling the developing host countries to realize potential growth I an intensified manner, a new mode of endogenous growth that counteracts the law diminishing returns. The phenomenon of MNC-cum-government-driven endogenous growth is thus conceptualized.

The Integration of Securitized Real Estate and Financial Assets

Empirical evidence suggests that U.S. REITs are integrated with common stocks, but not with bonds. The design of the real estate security is likely to impact upon results, however, and it would seem important to analyze the topic of integration for another type of real estate security. Swiss real estate funds constitute an ideal candidate for such an examination as their institutional and legal setup differs substantially from that of other countries. We analyze the integration of such funds with both the stock and bond markets using an APT framework. We employ both the Xu (2003) method and an innovative procedure to determine endogenous and exogenous factors, respectively. Integration is assessed by means of two alternative tests. Our results suggest that Swiss real estate funds are more integrated with stocks than with bonds. Further, we show that the degree of integration between real estate and stocks is due to a stock market factor and changes in expected inflation. No integrating factor is found between real estate and bond funds. Finally, it is found that unexpected inflation is a segmenting factor between real estate securities and financial assets.Securitized Real Estate; Statistical APT; Macroeconomic APT; Market Integration; Risk Factors

The Economics of Lotteries: An Annotated Bibliography

This paper presents an annotated bibliography of all papers relating to the economics of lotteries as of early to mid 2011. All published scholarly papers that could be identified by the authors are included along with the published abstract where available.lotto, lottery, public finance, gambling

Capitalism and underdevelopment in Africa: a critical essay

African Studies Center Working Paper No. 4