2 research outputs found

    START I: A Retrospective

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    For decades, the United States (U.S.) and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were competing to be the dominant global military power. However, after a series of crises, both states realized that if the status quo was maintained, it could mean the destruction of their states and the rest of the world. Thus, the U.S. and USSR agreed to limit their production of nuclear weapons. Eventually, the states decided that arms reduction would be the future and the resulting agreement would change the international power structure. The negotiations lasted for nine years, including a hiatus, and also led to another iteration of the treaty before the agreement was ratified. This study analyzes various aspects of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) negotiations, including the different stakeholders, their goals and tactics, alternatives, and the other factors that led to the final agreement. This study also analyzes the long-term effects of the treaty, its success, and who came out on top from START.Ope

    START I, START II, SORT, NEW START์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์™ธ๊ตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ์‹ ๋ฒ”์‹.This study analyzes U.S.-Russian cooperation on nuclear disarmament after the end of the Cold War by mainly focusing on four cases of treaties (START I, START II, SORT, and New START). The purpose of these treaties was to secure the nuclear-strategic parity between the two countries and to create conditions for strategic stability. However, out of the four treaties mentioned above, only START II did not enter into force. The dispute over the missile defense system and the unilateral U.S. withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) on 13th December 2001 are generally considered as the main reasons. The fact that the U.S. and Russia signed a new agreement on strategic offensive reductions (SORT) three weeks before the official abrogation of ABM treaty on 13th June 2002, however, makes this issue highly controversial. Therefore, this studyโ€™s goal is to answer two questions: first, what factors contributed to the fact that START II treaty did not enter into force and second, why, despite the continuing disagreement over the missile defense system, SORT and New START treaties were eventually signed? This study compares and analyzes internal and external factors that were involved in the negotiation process. By comparing international environment, nuclear weapons policies and the negotiation process itself it reveals the reason why at one point (START II) two parties failed to reach an agreement while at another point (SORT, New START) succeeded in doing so. As a result of the analysis, the main motive for cooperation during the START I and START II negotiations was to achieve relative nuclear arms parity to further secure bilateral strategic stability. Both parties also affirmed their commitment to the ABM treaty as a cornerstone of strategic stability. Meanwhile, during the SORT and New START negotiations, both countries still emphasized the importance of nuclear parity as before, but changes in the global environment significantly affected their motives. With the progress by rogue states towards a nuclear weapons capability, the main interests for cooperation for the United States have changed to the establishment of a stricter non-proliferation regime and the maintenance of global strategic stability through the deployment of their own missile defense system. At the same time, Russian major motivations were to reduce defense spending, assure its status as a nuclear power, and secure strategic stability that excluded the development of a national missile defense system. An analysis reveals that the reason why the START II treaty did not come into force was that the period of its ratification coincided with the turn of events, when both sides were unable to reach any consensus on missile defense. Further signing of the SORT and New START became possible due to the fact it no longer depended on the ABM treaty and, therefore, served U.S. interests. And in this regard, Russia had no alternative other than making concessions, since it was the sole means of reducing defense spending and maintaining its status as a nuclear power. This paper analyzes bilateral agreements, military doctrines, and statements made by the heads of two countries to clarify how the perception of strategic stability and the drivers for cooperation on nuclear disarmament have changed over time. The study provides a plausible explanation for the different ratification outcomes by giving attention to the specific context where cooperation took place. A better understanding of this context gives a perspective on what kind of challenges and opportunities two countries may face during further nuclear disarmament talks.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์ข…์‹ ํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ•ต๊ตฐ์ถ• ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜‘์ • ์‚ฌ๋ก€(START I, START II, SORT, New START)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘์ •๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์–‘๊ตญ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋žต ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜‘์ • ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ START II๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ํƒ„๋„ํƒ„ ์š”๊ฒฉ์œ ๋„ํƒ„์กฐ์•ฝ(ABM Treaty) ํƒˆํ‡ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ABM ํŒŒ๊ธฐ 3์ฃผ ์ „์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ต๊ฐ์ถ• ์กฐ์•ฝ์ธ SORT๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  START II ๋ฐœํšจ ์‹คํŒจ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋นš์€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ขํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, SORT์™€ New START์˜ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ START II์˜ ๋ฐœํšจ ์‹คํŒจ์™€ SORT ๋ฐ New START์˜ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ด€์ ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋…ํŠธ๋ฆฐ, ์–‘์ž ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‹œ์ (START II)์—๋Š” ํƒ€ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ (SORT, New START)์—๋Š” ์ด์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, START I๊ณผ START II ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋™์ธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ABM ์กฐ์•ฝ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ SORT์™€ New START์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–‘๊ตญ์€ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์™ธํ˜•์  ํ•ต ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋™์ธ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋น„ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ ˆ์ง์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ์ถ•, ํ•ต ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์œ„ ์œ ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๋™์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. START II์˜ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋น„์ค€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ธก์ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฉด ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด SORT์™€ New START์˜ ๋น„์ค€์ด ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ˜‘์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ABM์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์•ฝ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ•ต ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์œ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๊ตญ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์–‘๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•„ ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋นš์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์ •๋ฌธ, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋…ํŠธ๋ฆฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–‘๊ตญ ์ˆ˜๋‡Œ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ•ต๊ฐ์ถ• ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋™์ธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋น„์ค€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ํ•ต๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์–‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ดํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ „๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 5 3. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์˜ 6 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 9 II. ์–‘๊ทน์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ทน์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธ(์†Œ)๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ •(START I, START II) 11 1. ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „๋žต ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•: ์ ๋Œ€๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์Œ๋ฌด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ, ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€ 11 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„(์†Œ๋ จ)์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋…ํŠธ๋ฆฐ ๋น„๊ต 14 3. ๋ฏธ(์†Œ)๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ • START I (1985-1994) 17 1) ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 17 2) ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 22 4. ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ • START II (1991-2002) 26 1) ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 26 2) ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์ค€์˜ ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ž€ 30 3) ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 37 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 39 III. ๋‹จ๊ตญ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๊ทน์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ •(SORT, New START) 41 1. ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „๋žต ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•: ์ „๋žต์  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธํ˜•์  ์œ ์ง€ 41 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋…ํŠธ๋ฆฐ ๋น„๊ต 43 3. ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ • SORT (2002-2003) 47 1) ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 2) ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 50 4. ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ์ „๋žต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ˜‘์ • New START (2010-2011) 52 1) ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 52 2) ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 57 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 58 IV. ์ „๋žต ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋™์ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 60 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ•จ์˜ 60 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 65 Abstract 73Maste
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