PERENCANAAN ULANG GEDUNG FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA MALANG MENGGUNAKAN STRUKTUR BAJA DENGAN METODE LRFD

Presently, the use of composite steel materials is rarely applied to high-rise buildings while composite steel has advantages in strength and relatively faster processing time. The advantages gained from using composite steel structures are that the structure becomes more rigid, the service span becomes larger and the stability becomes better. In the replanning of the Faculty of Dentistry Building, Universitas Brawijaya Malang uses a composite steel structure with the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) with planning standards SNI 1727:2020 concerning Minimum Loads for Building Planning and Other Structures, SNI 1729:2020 concerning Building Specifications of Structural Steel Buildings, SNI 1726:2019 concerning Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Building and Non-Building Structures, SNI 7972:2020 concerning Prequalified Connections for Special Moment Frames and Steel Mediums in Seismic Applications, SNI 7860:2020 concerning Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, and ANSI/AISC 360-2016 Spesification for Structural Steel Buildings. The result of size for composite steel produces composite plate thickness t = 120 mm, floor deck type W-1000 base metal thickness 0.70 mm, with wiremesh reinforcement M7.5-100 production from PT. Union Metal WF steel profile on the small beam extends 250x125x6x9 and transverse is WF 350x175x7x11, the core beam is longitudinal transverse is WF 450x200x9x14. For columns, WF profiles are used 400x400x13x21 and Inverted-V bracing uses WF 200x200x8x12. Connection using BSEP (Bolt Stiffened End Plate) connection and for base plate using dimensions of 700x700 mm with a number of anchor of 4 – ø32 mm and a length of 1200 mm

Fatigue of Steel Plates with Inclusions

Manufactured by the end of the 80s in the last century steel structures were made of steel which contain signi cant amounts of non-metallic inclusions. As a result of many years of intensive use of the structures made of steel, structural discontinuity material combine to form internal cracks called lamellar cracks. These cracks are formed in rolled sheets with non-metallic inclusions. Studies of lamellar cracks began in the 1960s, but there is still no satisfactory theory explaining their formation

Fire responses and resistance of concrete-filled steel tubular frame structures

This paper presents the results of dynamic responses and fire resistance of concretefilled steel tubular (CFST) frame structures in fire conditions by using non-linear finite element method. Both strength and stability criteria are considered in the collapse analysis. The frame structures are constructed with circular CFST columns and steel beams of I-sections. In order to validate the finite element solutions, the numerical results are compared with those from a fire resistance test on CFST columns. The finite element model is then adopted to simulate the behaviour of frame structures in fire. The structural responses of the frames, including critical temperature and fire-resisting limit time, are obtained for the ISO-834 standard fire. Parametric studies are carried out to show their influence on the load capacity of the frame structures in fire. Suggestions and recommendations are presented for possible adoption in future construction and design of these structures

Modelling the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel in a fire

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Engineering Structures. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2010 Elsevier B.V.A non-linear procedure is presented for modelling the bond characteristic between concrete and reinforcing steel for reinforced concrete structures in a fire. The accuracy and reliability of the model are demonstrated by the analysis of one pull-out test and one beam test at ambient temperature and four full-scale beams tested under two fire conditions. The model is clearly capable of predicting the response of reinforced concrete members and structures in a fire with acceptable accuracy. The bond-link element has been found to have good computational stability and efficiency for 3D analysis of reinforced concrete structures in fires. It is shown that the bond condition between the concrete and reinforcing steel bar has an important influence on the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures, especially when the temperature of the reinforcing steel bar is high (more than 500 °C). Hence, the current assumption of a perfect bond condition for analysis of reinforced concrete structures under fire conditions is unconservative

Multiwire submerged arc welding of steel structures

The assembly of large structures made out of thick steel plates requires a welding process by which multiple wires can be used simultaneously. To reproduce these industrial processes in a research environment, OCAS has invested in a multiwire submerged arc welding (SAW) setup. In this multiwire setup, up to five wires in tandem configuration can be used. The objective of this master thesis is to establish a deeper knowledge of process parameters used to weld steel plates in a thickness range of 12,7 up to 25 mm, by means of the submerged arc welding process. Based on literature, a test matrix is composed in which the number of wires, the plate thickness and other weld parameters are the variables. In addition, a specific plate preparation for each plate thickness is derived from the literature. The preformed weld trails will be evaluated on weld bead geometry and metallographic properties. There is further experimental examination required, which will result in the revising of the matrix

Performance-based optimization of structures: theory and applications

Performance-based Optimization of Structures introduces a method to bridge the gap between optimization theory and its practical applications to structural engineering. The performance-based optimization (PBO) method combines modern structural optimization theory with performance-based design concepts to produce a powerful technique for use in structural design. This book provides the latest PBO techniques for achieving optimal topologies and shapes of continuum structures with stress, displacement and mean compliance constraints. The emphasis is strongly placed on practical applications of automated PBO techniques to the strut-and-tie modeling of structural concrete, which includes reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Basic concepts underlying the development of strut-and-tie models, design optimization procedure, and detailing of structural concrete are described in detail. The design optimization of lateral load resisting systems for multi-story steel and steel-concrete composite buildings is also presented. Numerous practical design examples are given which illustrate the nature of the load transfer mechanisms of structures

Determination of fracture toughness parameter of large metal structures Industrial review

Fracture toughness and resistance determined for large steel structures using stress intensity calculations - fracture mechanic

The influence of joints and composite floor slabs on effective tying of steel structures in preventing progressive collapse

The event of the terrorist attack at 11th September 2001 in the USA has attracted increasing attention of researchers and engineers on progressive collapse of structures. It has gradually become a general practice for engineers to consider progressive collapse resistance in their design. In this paper, progressive collapse of steel frames with composite floor slabs is simulated by the finite element method. The numerical results are compared with test results. The influence of the joints and the concrete slabs on the effective tying of steel beams is investigated through parametric studies. From the analysis, methods of preventing progressive collapse that can be considered in design and when retrofitting existing structures are proposed. The results show that retrofitting a structure with pre-stressed steel cables and an increase of crack resistance in the concrete near joints can effectively improve effective tying of a structure, which results in an enhanced structural capacity in preventing progressive collapse

Comparative study of Steel-FRP, FRP and steel reinforced coral concrete beams in their flexural performance

In this paper, a comparative study of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Bar and Steel-Carbon Fiber Composite Bar (SCFCB) reinforced coral concrete beams are made through a series experimental tests and theoretical analysis. The flexural capacity, crack development and failure modes of CFRP and SCFCB reinforced coral concrete were investigated in detail. They are also compared to ordinary steel reinforced coral concrete beams. The results show that under the same condition of reinforcement ratio, the SCFCB reinforced beam exhibits better performance than those of the CFRP reinforced beams, and its stiffness is slightly lower than that of the steel reinforced beam. Under the same load condition, the crack width of the SCFCB beam is between the steel reinforced beam and the CFRP bar reinforced beam. Before the steel core yields, the crack growth rate of SCFCB beam is similar to the steel reinforced beam. SCFCB has a higher strength utilization rate, about 70% -85% of its ultimate strength. The current design guidance was also examined based on the test results. It was found that the existing design specifications for FRP reinforced normal concrete is not suitable for SCFCB reinforced coral concrete structures