1,936 research outputs found
Turbulence-resolving simulations of wind turbine wakes
Turbulence-resolving simulations of wind turbine wakes are presented using a
high--order flow solver combined with both a standard and a novel dynamic
implicit spectral vanishing viscosity (iSVV and dynamic iSVV) model to account
for subgrid-scale (SGS) stresses. The numerical solutions are compared against
wind tunnel measurements, which include mean velocity and turbulent intensity
profiles, as well as integral rotor quantities such as power and thrust
coefficients. For the standard (also termed static) case the magnitude of the
spectral vanishing viscosity is selected via a heuristic analysis of the wake
statistics, while in the case of the dynamic model the magnitude is adjusted
both in space and time at each time step. The study focuses on examining the
ability of the two approaches, standard (static) and dynamic, to accurately
capture the wake features, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results
suggest that the static method can become over-dissipative when the magnitude
of the spectral viscosity is increased, while the dynamic approach which
adjusts the magnitude of dissipation locally is shown to be more appropriate
for a non-homogeneous flow such that of a wind turbine wake
Spectral/hp element methods: recent developments, applications, and perspectives
The spectral/hp element method combines the geometric flexibility of the
classical h-type finite element technique with the desirable numerical
properties of spectral methods, employing high-degree piecewise polynomial
basis functions on coarse finite element-type meshes. The spatial approximation
is based upon orthogonal polynomials, such as Legendre or Chebychev
polynomials, modified to accommodate C0-continuous expansions. Computationally
and theoretically, by increasing the polynomial order p, high-precision
solutions and fast convergence can be obtained and, in particular, under
certain regularity assumptions an exponential reduction in approximation error
between numerical and exact solutions can be achieved. This method has now been
applied in many simulation studies of both fundamental and practical
engineering flows. This paper briefly describes the formulation of the
spectral/hp element method and provides an overview of its application to
computational fluid dynamics. In particular, it focuses on the use the
spectral/hp element method in transitional flows and ocean engineering.
Finally, some of the major challenges to be overcome in order to use the
spectral/hp element method in more complex science and engineering applications
are discussed
Non-modal analysis of spectral element methods: Towards accurate and robust large-eddy simulations
We introduce a \textit{non-modal} analysis technique that characterizes the
diffusion properties of spectral element methods for linear
convection-diffusion systems. While strictly speaking only valid for linear
problems, the analysis is devised so that it can give critical insights on two
questions: (i) Why do spectral element methods suffer from stability issues in
under-resolved computations of nonlinear problems? And, (ii) why do they
successfully predict under-resolved turbulent flows even without a
subgrid-scale model? The answer to these two questions can in turn provide
crucial guidelines to construct more robust and accurate schemes for complex
under-resolved flows, commonly found in industrial applications. For
illustration purposes, this analysis technique is applied to the hybridized
discontinuous Galerkin methods as representatives of spectral element methods.
The effect of the polynomial order, the upwinding parameter and the P\'eclet
number on the so-called \textit{short-term diffusion} of the scheme are
investigated. From a purely non-modal analysis point of view, polynomial orders
between and with standard upwinding are well suited for under-resolved
turbulence simulations. For lower polynomial orders, diffusion is introduced in
scales that are much larger than the grid resolution. For higher polynomial
orders, as well as for strong under/over-upwinding, robustness issues can be
expected. The non-modal analysis results are then tested against under-resolved
turbulence simulations of the Burgers, Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. While
devised in the linear setting, our non-modal analysis succeeds to predict the
behavior of the scheme in the nonlinear problems considered
Proper orthogonal decomposition closure models for fluid flows: Burgers equation
This paper puts forth several closure models for the proper orthogonal
decomposition (POD) reduced order modeling of fluid flows. These new closure
models, together with other standard closure models, are investigated in the
numerical simulation of the Burgers equation. This simplified setting
represents just the first step in the investigation of the new closure models.
It allows a thorough assessment of the performance of the new models, including
a parameter sensitivity study. Two challenging test problems displaying moving
shock waves are chosen in the numerical investigation. The closure models and a
standard Galerkin POD reduced order model are benchmarked against the fine
resolution numerical simulation. Both numerical accuracy and computational
efficiency are used to assess the performance of the models
Stochastic representation of the Reynolds transport theorem: revisiting large-scale modeling
We explore the potential of a formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations
incorporating a random description of the small-scale velocity component. This
model, established from a version of the Reynolds transport theorem adapted to
a stochastic representation of the flow, gives rise to a large-scale
description of the flow dynamics in which emerges an anisotropic subgrid
tensor, reminiscent to the Reynolds stress tensor, together with a drift
correction due to an inhomogeneous turbulence. The corresponding subgrid model,
which depends on the small scales velocity variance, generalizes the Boussinesq
eddy viscosity assumption. However, it is not anymore obtained from an analogy
with molecular dissipation but ensues rigorously from the random modeling of
the flow. This principle allows us to propose several subgrid models defined
directly on the resolved flow component. We assess and compare numerically
those models on a standard Green-Taylor vortex flow at Reynolds 1600. The
numerical simulations, carried out with an accurate divergence-free scheme,
outperform classical large-eddies formulations and provides a simple
demonstration of the pertinence of the proposed large-scale modeling
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