2,980 research outputs found
Supporting Cellulosic Ethanol Biomass Production and its Impact on Land Use Conversion
One of the problems facing the cellulosic ethanol industry is the cellulose material supply. The U.S. forestlands have considerable potential to become one of the main sources of biomass to meet the 2022 renewable fuel target. Focusing on the land exiting the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the article finds that few landowners are willing to convert their land to forestland after the CRP contract is expired. Our econometric estimates show the choice decision is responsive to net returns of land use alternatives, especially cropland. Two policy initiatives are suggested to provide direct incentives for land use change. The nested logit estimates are used to simulate landowners‘ responses to policy mechanism. The results show that subsidies can substantially increase forestland, although a spillover effect exists.Cellulosic Ethanol, Biomass, Land Use, the CRP, Forestland, Environmental Economics and Policy,
ABSTRACTS, PAPERS PRESENTED, ANNUAL MEETING, SAEA, TULSA, OKLAHOMA, FEBRUARY 1993
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,
Probabilistic Hybrid Action Models for Predicting Concurrent Percept-driven Robot Behavior
This article develops Probabilistic Hybrid Action Models (PHAMs), a realistic
causal model for predicting the behavior generated by modern percept-driven
robot plans. PHAMs represent aspects of robot behavior that cannot be
represented by most action models used in AI planning: the temporal structure
of continuous control processes, their non-deterministic effects, several modes
of their interferences, and the achievement of triggering conditions in
closed-loop robot plans.
The main contributions of this article are: (1) PHAMs, a model of concurrent
percept-driven behavior, its formalization, and proofs that the model generates
probably, qualitatively accurate predictions; and (2) a resource-efficient
inference method for PHAMs based on sampling projections from probabilistic
action models and state descriptions. We show how PHAMs can be applied to
planning the course of action of an autonomous robot office courier based on
analytical and experimental results
Superconducting Resonator-Rydberg Atom Hybrid in the Strong Coupling Regime
We propose a promising hybrid quantum system, where a highly-excited atom
strongly interacts with a superconducting LC oscillator via the electric field
of capacitor. An external electrostatic field is applied to tune the energy
spectrum of atom. The atomic qubit is implemented by two eigenstates near an
avoided-level crossing in the DC Stark map of Rydberg atom. Varying the
electrostatic field brings the atomic-qubit transition on- or off-resonance to
the microwave resonator, leading to a strong atom-resonator coupling with an
extremely large cooperativity. Like the nonlinearity induced by Josephson
junctions in superconducting circuits, the large atom-resonator interface
disturbs the harmonic potential of resonator, resulting in an artificial
two-level particle. Different universal two-qubit logic gates can also be
performed on our hybrid system within the space where an atomic qubit couples
to a single photon with an interaction strength much larger than any relaxation
rates, opening the door to the cavity-mediated state transmission.Comment: 4 figure
An Empirical Investigation of the Linkages Between Government Payments and Leasing Arrangements
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/22/10.Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization, Land Economics/Use,
Why we need to quantise everything, including gravity
There is a long-standing debate about whether gravity should be quantised. A
powerful line of argument in favour of quantum gravity considers models of
hybrid systems consisting of coupled quantum-classical sectors. The conclusion
is that such models are inconsistent: either the quantum sector's defining
properties necessarily spread to the classical sector, or they are violated.
These arguments have a long history, starting with the debates about the
quantum nature of the electromagnetic fields in the early days of quantum
theory. Yet, they have limited scope because they rely on particular dynamical
models obeying restrictive conditions, such as unitarity. In this paper we
propose a radically new, more general argument, relying on less restrictive
assumptions. The key feature is an information-theoretic characterisation of
both sectors, including their interaction, via constraints on copying
operations. These operations are necessary for the existence of observables in
any physical theory, because they constitute the most general representation of
measurement interactions. Remarkably, our argument is formulated without
resorting to particular dynamical models, thus being applicable to any hybrid
system, even those ruled by "post-quantum" theories. Its conclusion is also
compatible with partially quantum systems, such as those that exhibit features
like complementarity, but may lack others, such as entanglement. As an example,
we consider a hybrid system of qubits and rebits. Surprisingly, despite the
rebit's lack of complex amplitudes, the signature quantum protocols such as
teleportation are still possible
ArchiVISTA: A New Horizon in Providing Access to Visual Records of the National Archives of Canada
published or submitted for publicatio
PERSPECTIVES ON COMPETITIVE BIDDING: RETIREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE FARMLAND
The USDA has used bidding to enroll land into the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and may use similar mechanisms to implement other policy instruments in which some or all agricultural land cropping rights are acquired to protect or increase environmental amenities. Experience with the CRP suggests that current enrollees are being compensated in excess of the lowest payment they would be willing to accept in exchange for loss of cropping rights. While it may be prohibitively expensive to estimate such reservation prices on all potential CRP parcels, it is likewise difficult to design a bidding mechanism that induces landowners to reveal these values. While the competitive bidding and contingent valuation literatures provide some guidance, the problem of designing a cost effective bidding mechanism for land retirement does not conform precisely to situations in which theoretical, experimental or case study results have been reported. Despite this, realistic incremental changes in the CRP's current bidding mechanism that induce competitive behavior among bidders appear to portend significant savings in government outlays.Land Economics/Use,
Rapid Recovery for Systems with Scarce Faults
Our goal is to achieve a high degree of fault tolerance through the control
of a safety critical systems. This reduces to solving a game between a
malicious environment that injects failures and a controller who tries to
establish a correct behavior. We suggest a new control objective for such
systems that offers a better balance between complexity and precision: we seek
systems that are k-resilient. In order to be k-resilient, a system needs to be
able to rapidly recover from a small number, up to k, of local faults
infinitely many times, provided that blocks of up to k faults are separated by
short recovery periods in which no fault occurs. k-resilience is a simple but
powerful abstraction from the precise distribution of local faults, but much
more refined than the traditional objective to maximize the number of local
faults. We argue why we believe this to be the right level of abstraction for
safety critical systems when local faults are few and far between. We show that
the computational complexity of constructing optimal control with respect to
resilience is low and demonstrate the feasibility through an implementation and
experimental results.Comment: In Proceedings GandALF 2012, arXiv:1210.202
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