45,758 research outputs found
Paving the Roadway for Safety of Automated Vehicles: An Empirical Study on Testing Challenges
The technology in the area of automated vehicles is gaining speed and
promises many advantages. However, with the recent introduction of
conditionally automated driving, we have also seen accidents. Test protocols
for both, conditionally automated (e.g., on highways) and automated vehicles do
not exist yet and leave researchers and practitioners with different
challenges. For instance, current test procedures do not suffice for fully
automated vehicles, which are supposed to be completely in charge for the
driving task and have no driver as a back up. This paper presents current
challenges of testing the functionality and safety of automated vehicles
derived from conducting focus groups and interviews with 26 participants from
five countries having a background related to testing automotive safety-related
topics.We provide an overview of the state-of-practice of testing active safety
features as well as challenges that needs to be addressed in the future to
ensure safety for automated vehicles. The major challenges identified through
the interviews and focus groups, enriched by literature on this topic are
related to 1) virtual testing and simulation, 2) safety, reliability, and
quality, 3) sensors and sensor models, 4) required scenario complexity and
amount of test cases, and 5) handover of responsibility between the driver and
the vehicle.Comment: 8 page
VANET Applications: Hot Use Cases
Current challenges of car manufacturers are to make roads safe, to achieve
free flowing traffic with few congestions, and to reduce pollution by an
effective fuel use. To reach these goals, many improvements are performed
in-car, but more and more approaches rely on connected cars with communication
capabilities between cars, with an infrastructure, or with IoT devices.
Monitoring and coordinating vehicles allow then to compute intelligent ways of
transportation. Connected cars have introduced a new way of thinking cars - not
only as a mean for a driver to go from A to B, but as smart cars - a user
extension like the smartphone today. In this report, we introduce concepts and
specific vocabulary in order to classify current innovations or ideas on the
emerging topic of smart car. We present a graphical categorization showing this
evolution in function of the societal evolution. Different perspectives are
adopted: a vehicle-centric view, a vehicle-network view, and a user-centric
view; described by simple and complex use-cases and illustrated by a list of
emerging and current projects from the academic and industrial worlds. We
identified an empty space in innovation between the user and his car:
paradoxically even if they are both in interaction, they are separated through
different application uses. Future challenge is to interlace social concerns of
the user within an intelligent and efficient driving
Ethical and Social Aspects of Self-Driving Cars
As an envisaged future of transportation, self-driving cars are being
discussed from various perspectives, including social, economical, engineering,
computer science, design, and ethics. On the one hand, self-driving cars
present new engineering problems that are being gradually successfully solved.
On the other hand, social and ethical problems are typically being presented in
the form of an idealized unsolvable decision-making problem, the so-called
trolley problem, which is grossly misleading. We argue that an applied
engineering ethical approach for the development of new technology is what is
needed; the approach should be applied, meaning that it should focus on the
analysis of complex real-world engineering problems. Software plays a crucial
role for the control of self-driving cars; therefore, software engineering
solutions should seriously handle ethical and social considerations. In this
paper we take a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,
and implementations of components, systems, and services and we present
practical social and ethical challenges that have to be met, as well as novel
expectations for software engineering.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Approaching delivery as a service
This paper explores the new logistics business model of Delivery as a Service, a concept aiming at a more efficient, fast and customer-oriented practice, linking IT solution development, urban logistics operations, supply chain efficiency and new business models. Delivery as a Service (DaaS) is defined as a service-oriented delivery and business processes in line with customer expectations and needs in the on-demand economy. The approach of this paper is an industry report based on evidence collected in multiple exploratory European projects integrating ambitious and strategic findings on Internet of Things, urban planning, consolidation centres, transport optimisation, and clean vehicle use. It contributes to a future scenario of urban logistics business models
NASA Automated Rendezvous and Capture Review. Executive summary
In support of the Cargo Transfer Vehicle (CTV) Definition Studies in FY-92, the Advanced Program Development division of the Office of Space Flight at NASA Headquarters conducted an evaluation and review of the United States capabilities and state-of-the-art in Automated Rendezvous and Capture (AR&C). This review was held in Williamsburg, Virginia on 19-21 Nov. 1991 and included over 120 attendees from U.S. government organizations, industries, and universities. One hundred abstracts were submitted to the organizing committee for consideration. Forty-two were selected for presentation. The review was structured to include five technical sessions. Forty-two papers addressed topics in the five categories below: (1) hardware systems and components; (2) software systems; (3) integrated systems; (4) operations; and (5) supporting infrastructure
OCP Based Online Multisensor Data Fusion for Autonomous Ground Vehicle
In this paper, online multisensor data fusion algorithm using CORBA event channel is proposed, in order to deal with simplifying problem in sensor registration and fusion for vehicle’s state estimation. The networked based navigation concept for Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) using several sensors is presented. A simulation of various application scenarios are considered by choosing several parameters of UKF, i.e. weighting constant for sigma points and square root matrix. Normalized mean-square error (MSE) of Monte Carlo simulations are computed and reported in the simulation results. Furthermore, the middleware infrastructure based on Open Control Platform (OCP) to support the interconnection between the whole filter structures also reported
Testing Enabling Technologies for Safe UAS Urban Operations
A set of more than 100 flight operations were conducted at NASA Langley Research Center using small UAS (sUAS) to demonstrate, test, and evaluate a set of technologies and an overarching air-ground system concept aimed at enabling safety. The research vehicle was tracked continuously during nominal traversal of planned flight paths while autonomously operating over moderately populated land. For selected flights, off-nominal risks were introduced, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) encounters. Three contingency maneuvers were demonstrated that provide safe responses. These maneuvers made use of an integrated air/ground platform and two on-board autonomous capabilities. Flight data was monitored and recorded with multiple ground systems and was forwarded in real time to a UAS traffic management (UTM) server for airspace coordination and supervision
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