1,454 research outputs found
Using situation theory to model information flow in design
Information flow is intensive during a design process, where delivering timely and appropriate information is required. Sonnenwald [2] identified 13 communication roles that emerged during four multidisciplinary design situations in the USA and Europe. She statedthat participants from different disciplines, organisations and cultures come to the design situation with pre-existing patterns of working activities, and specialised work languages. Different methods to represent information flow activities are used, varying in different companies, different disciplines, and different teams, which may cause misunderstandings particularly among design teams composed of different organisations. In this sense, it is important to present information flow in a rigorous way. Eastman and Shirley [3] developed amodel of design information flow. The model dealt with design information management, reflecting entities, constraints, design states, design document accessed modes, transactions, and version identifiers. But, the development of their model was not based upon a theoretical foundation. In this paper, we develop an alternative model to present information flow indesign based on a foundation of situation theory. The model may serve to analysis design information system and provide a basis for investigating the situatedness of designinformation flow. To be able to represent information flow we should firstly study its phenomena. Based on Sim's formalism of design activities, the theory of Speech Acts, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW, and other works studying information flow, an example model for information flow in design is developed. A discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of this representation method is carried out
Computational situation theory
Situation theory has been developed over the last decade and various versions of the theory have been applied to a number of linguistic issues. However, not much work has been done in regard to its computational aspects. In this paper, we review the existing approaches towards 'computational situation theory' with considerable emphasis on our own researc
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Lessons learned: structuring knowledge codification and abstraction to provide meaningful information for learning
Purpose – To increase the spread and reuse of lessons learned (LLs), the purpose of this paper is to develop
a standardised information structure to facilitate concise capture of the critical elements needed to engage
secondary learners and help them apply lessons to their contexts.
Design/methodology/approach – Three workshops with industry practitioners, an analysis of over 60
actual lessons from private and public sector organisations and seven practitioner interviews provided
evidence of actual practice. Design science was used to develop a repeatable/consistent information model of
LL content/structure. Workshop analysis and theory provided the coding template. Situation theory and
normative analysis were used to define the knowledge and rule logic to standardise fields.
Findings – Comparing evidence from practice against theoretical prescriptions in the literature highlighted
important enhancements to the standard LL model. These were a consistent/concise rule and context
structure, appropriate emotional language, reuse and control criteria to ensure lessons were transferrable and
reusable in new situations.
Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on a limited sample. Long-term benefits of
standardisation and use need further research. A larger sample/longitudinal usage study is planned.
Practical implications – The implementation of the LL structure was well-received in one government
user site and other industry user sites are pending. Practitioners validated the design logic for improving
capture and reuse of lessons to render themeasily translatable to a new learner’s context.
Originality/value – The new LL structure is uniquely grounded in user needs, developed from existing
best practice and is an original application of normative and situation theory to provide consistent rule logic
for context/content structure
Modelling the cooperative information filtering problem
In this paper, we present an original approach for modelling the cooperative information filtering problem using Logic of Infonnation Flow and Situation Theory .We describe the fundamental concepts of these theories and discuss crucial issues that arise during the exposition, such as defining Situation Theory as a Heyting algebra and showing that in our application this theory is well-founded
Analogy-Making in Situation Theory
Analogy-making is finding analogies between different situations. In this paper, we provide a new model of computational analogy-making which uses Situation Theory as its formal background. Situation Theory is a semantic and logical theory which provides a naturalistic way to represent relations in situations. The system described in this paper is aimed at solving analogy problems made by basic geometric figures in a chessboard-like environment
Semantic Shift to Pragmatic Meaning in Shared Decision Making: Situation Theory Perspective
The way humans establish communication depends on the generation and conveyance of meaning. Linguistically, meaning in information is dependent on the meaning that is ascribed to signifiers in the context of the communication. These signifiers can include items such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols. Conveyance of meaning may, however, imprecise and prone to error. The meaning of information in communication may arise from a change in the context in which a signifier is placed (intrinsic), or a change in the paradigm with which the signifier and context are perceived (extrinsic). In simple situations, where paradigms are reconcilable, semantic shift is solely intrinsic. In complex situations, where differing paradigms will generally lead to irreconcilable perspectives (paradoxes and dualities); the semantic shift will be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Decisions are based on an individual\u27s (or individuals\u27 shared) understanding and understanding is in turn contingent on perspective. Decision making will, therefore, be affected by discrepancies in meaning. It is critical to understand the nature of the discrepancies where shared awareness is necessary to enable group decisions. The theoretical construct presented recognizes that (1) a semantic shift may be required where multiple perspectives based on different paradigms come into play and (2) a semantic shift may introduce error, inefficiency, noise or redundancy. Therefore, individual limits can be recognized via shared awareness, which can be studied with situation theory. © 2015 WIT Press
Macroscopic coherence effects in a mesoscopic system: Weak localization of thin silver films in an undergraduate lab
We present an undergraduate lab that investigates weak localization in thin
silver films. The films prepared in our lab have thickness, , between 60-200
\AA, a mesoscopic length scale. At low temperatures, the inelastic dephasing
length for electrons, , exceeds the thickness of the film (), and the films are then quasi-2D in nature. In this situation, theory
predicts specific corrections to the Drude conductivity due to coherent
interference between conducting electrons' wavefunctions, a macroscopically
observable effect known as weak localization. This correction can be destroyed
with the application of a magnetic field, and the resulting magnetoresistance
curve provides information about electron transport in the film. This lab is
suitable for Junior or Senior level students in an advanced undergraduate lab
course.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Replaces earlier version of paper rejected by
Am. J. Phys. because of too much content on vacuum systems. New version deals
with the undergraduate experiment on weak localization onl
Computational situation theory with baby-sit
Ankara : Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science and Institute of Engineering and Science, Bilkent Univ., 1995.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Bilkent University, 1995.Includes bibliographical references leaves 241-249Language is an integral part of our everyday experience and encompasses situated activities such as talking, listening, reading, and writing. These activities are situated because they occur in situations and they are about situations. Their primary function, on the other hand, is to convey information. With this vision, situation theory has been developed over the last decade or so and various versions of the theory have been applied to a number of linguistic issues. However, not much work has been done in regard to its computational aspects. Existing approaches towards 'computational situation theory' incorporate only some of the original features of situation theory and hence show conceptual and philosophical divergence from its ontology. This thesis presents a computational account of situation theory that embodies the essentials of the theory and adopts its ontological features. A medium (called BABY-SIT) which is based on the proposed computational foundation is described and its constructs are formally defined. The features of BABY-SIT are compared to those of the existing approaches. In order to demonstrate the appropriateness of BABY-SIT, some examples from the domain of artifical intelligence are given. Resolution of pronominal anaphora in Turkish , which has been chosen as a linguistic test-bed for BABY-SIT, is also demonstrated.Tin, ErkanPh.D
The use of situation theory in context modeling
At the heart of natural language processing is the understanding of context dependent meanings This paper presents a preliminary model of formal contexts based on situation theory. It also gives a worked-out example to show the use of contexts in lifting, i.e., how propositions holding in a particular context transform when they are moved to another context. This is useful in NLP applications where preserving meaning is a desideratum
Situated Representations and Ad Hoc Concepts
Situation theorists such as Jon Barwise, John Etchemendy, and (at one time) John Perry have advanced the hypothesis that linguistic and mental representations are ‘situated' in the sense that they are true or false only relative to partial situations. François Recanati has done an important task in reviving and in many respects deepening situation theory. In this chapter, I explore some aspects of Recanati's own account. I focus on situated mental representations, and stress the connection between them and ad hoc or temporary concepts
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