2 research outputs found

    Analysis of Sitting Posture Recognition using Pressure Sensors

    Get PDF
    The sitting posture is one of the most common posture a human being performs. It is usual to see that most of the time, human sit down while doing their activities such as studying, desk work and meetings. Researchers study sitting postures by using sensors such as piezoelectric resistors, fiber optics or even gyroscopes. For our study, we utilize pressure force resistive sensors (FSR) to investigate the sitting posture of students in a lecture environment (classroom). At first we design setup of sensors for measuring pressure during sitting position using pressure sensors, then we analyze sitting posture of the students by using force sensitive resistor sensor and later we investigate the efficiency of the pressure sensing system. We used 11 FSR which is the significantly small amount of sensors at the hipseat and backseat to identify the eight different sitting the posture of the subject at 1 Hz frequency of measurement. Even though the weight of the subjects vary from 40 to 100 kg, the accuracy was acceptable at 90%. Additionally we performed experiments in actual running lecture sessions and later performed quiz to relate the sitting posture with the focus/concentration of students in the class

    ์ž‘์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ์ž์„ธ ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๋ฐ•์šฐ์ง„.์œก์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ž์„ธ ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์œก์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•‰์€ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๊ทผ์œก, ์ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ์กฐ์ง์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ, ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ฐฉ์ขŒ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ฐฉ์ขŒ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์œ ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์ž์— ์•‰์•„ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์„ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง€์ˆ˜(BMI) 40 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—… ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ „์‹  ๊ด€์ ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ƒ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 1) ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐฉ์ขŒ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , 2) ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ขŒ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์˜์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์˜์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์••๋ ฅ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฉ์ขŒ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์ž์„ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์˜์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด kNN ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์˜์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์…˜ ์บก์ณ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜์—๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์„œ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์ ˆ(๋ฐœ๋ชฉ, ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ, ์—‰๋ฉ์ด, ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ, ์–ด๊นจ, ํŒ”๊ฟˆ์น˜) ๋ณ„ ์šด๋™์—ญํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ, ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—… ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋™์ž‘ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์Šค์˜ ์ด๋™์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ๋„ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์˜์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž์„ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋งŒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž์„ธ๋“ค์„ ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์„ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž์„ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Working in stressful postures and movements increases the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The physical stress on a workerโ€™s musculoskeletal system depends on the type of work task. In the case of sedentary work, stressful sitting postures for prolonged durations could increase the load on soft connective tissues such as muscles and ligaments, resulting in the incidence of WMSDs. Therefore, to reduce the WMSDs, it is necessary to monitor a workerโ€™s sitting posture and additionally provide ergonomic interventions. When the worker performs a task that involves dynamic movements, such as manual lifting, the workerโ€™s own body mass affects the physical stress on the musculoskeletal system. In the global prevalence of obesity in the workforce, an increase in the body weight of the workers could adversely affect the musculoskeletal system during the manual lifting task. Therefore, obesity could be associated with the development of WMSDs, and the impacts of obesity on workersโ€™ movement during manual lifting need to be examined. Despite previous research efforts to prevent WMSDs, there still exist research gaps concerning ergonomics design of work systems. For sedentary workers, a promising solution to reduce the occurrence of WMSDs is the development of a system capable of monitoring and classifying a seated worker's posture in real-time, which could be utilized to provide feedback to the worker to maintain a posture with a low-risk of WMSDs. However, the previous studies in relation to such a posture monitoring system lacked a review of the ergonomics literature to define posture categories for classification, and had some limitations in widespread use and user acceptance. In addition, only a few studies related to obesity impacts on manual lifting focused on severely obese population with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, and, analyzed lifting motions in terms of multi-joint movement organization or at the level of movement technique. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: 1) develop a sensor-embedded posture classification system that is capable of classifying an instantaneous sitting posture as one of the posture categories discussed in the ergonomics literature while not suffering from the limitations of the previous system, and, 2) identify the impacts of severe obesity on joint kinematics and movement technique during manual lifting under various task conditions. To accomplish the research objectives, two major studies were conducted. In the study on the posture classification system, a novel smart chair system was developed to monitor and classify a workerโ€™s sitting postures in real-time. The smart chair system was a mixed sensor system utilizing six pressure sensors and six infrared reflective distance sensors in combination. For a total of thirty-six participants, data collection was conducted on posture categories determined based on an analysis of the ergonomics literature on sitting postures and sitting-related musculoskeletal problems. The mixed sensor system utilized a kNN algorithm for posture classification, and, was evaluated in posture classification performance in comparison with two benchmark systems that utilized only a single type of sensors. The mixed sensor system yielded significantly superior classification performance than the two benchmark systems. In the study on the manual lifting task, optical motion capture was conducted to examine differences in joint kinematics and movement technique between severely obese and non-obese groups. A total of thirty-five subjects without a history of WMSDs participated in the experiment. The severely obese and non-obese groups show significant differences in most joint kinematics of the ankle, knee, hip, spine, shoulder, and elbow. There were also significant differences between the groups in the movement technique index, which represents a motion in terms of the relative contribution of an individual joint degree of freedom to the box trajectory in a manual lifting task. Overall, the severely obese group adopted the back lifting technique (stoop) rather than the leg lifting technique (squat), and showed less joint range of excursions and slow movements compared to the non-obese group. The findings mentioned above could be utilized to reduce the risk of WMSDs among workers performing various types of tasks, and, thus, improve work productivity and personal health. The mixed sensor system developed in this study was free from the limitations of the previous posture monitoring systems, and, is low-cost utilizing only a small number of sensors; yet, it accomplishes accurate classification of postures relevant to the ergonomic analyses of seated work tasks. The mixed sensor system could be utilized for various applications including the development of a real-time posture feedback system for preventing sitting-related musculoskeletal disorders. The findings provided in the manual lifting study would be useful in understanding the potential risk of WMSDs for severely obese workers. Differences in joint kinematics and movement techniques between severely obese and non-obese groups provide practical implications concerning the ergonomic design of work tasks and workspace layout.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 5 1.3 Dissertation Outline 6 Chapter 2. Literature Review 8 2.1 Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Sedentary Workers 8 2.1.1 Relationship Between Sitting Postures and Musculoskeletal Disorders 8 2.1.2 Systems for Monitoring and Classifying a Seated Worker's Postures 10 2.2 Impacts of Obesity on Manual Works 22 2.2.1 Impacts of Obesity on Work Capacity 22 2.2.2 Impacts of Obesity on Joint Kinematics and Biomechanical Demands 24 Chapter 3. Developing and Evaluating a Mixed Sensor Smart Chair System for Real-time Posture Classification: Combining Pressure and Distance Sensors 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Materials and Methods 33 3.2.1 Predefined posture categories for the mixed sensor system 33 3.2.2 Physical construction of the mixed sensor system 36 3.2.3 Posture Classifier Design for the Mixed Sensor System 38 3.2.4 Data Collection for Training and Testing the Posture Classifier of the Mixed Sensor System 41 3.2.5 Comparative Evaluation of Posture Classification Performance 43 3.3 Results 46 3.3.1 Model Parameters and Features 46 3.3.2 Posture Classification Performance 47 3.4 Discussion 50 Chapter 4. Severe Obesity Impacts on Joint Kinematics and Movement Technique During Manual Load Lifting 57 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Methods 61 4.2.1 Participants 61 4.2.2 Experimental Task 61 4.2.3 Experimental Procedure 64 4.2.4 Data Processing 65 4.2.5 Experimental Variables 67 4.2.6 Statistical Analysis 71 4.3 Results 72 4.3.1 Kinematic Variables 72 4.3.2 Movement Technique Indexes 83 4.4 Discussion 92 Chapter 5. Conclusion 102 5.1 Summary 102 5.2 Implications 105 5.3 Limitations and Future Directions 106 Bibliography 108 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 133๋ฐ•
    corecore