106,461 research outputs found
Shadowing, asymptotic shadowing and s-limit shadowing
We study three notions of shadowing: classical shadowing, limit (or
asymptotic) shadowing, and s-limit shadowing. We show that classical and
s-limit shadowing coincide for tent maps and, more generally, for piecewise
linear interval maps with constant slopes, and are further equivalent to the
linking property introduced by Chen in 1991.
We also construct a system which exhibits shadowing but not limit shadowing,
and we study how shadowing properties transfer to maximal transitive subsystems
and inverse limits (sometimes called natural extensions).
Where practicable, we show that our results are best possible by means of
examples.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure
On homeomorphisms with the two-sided limit shadowing property
We prove that the two-sided limit shadowing property is among the strongest
known notions of pseudo-orbit tracing. It implies shadowing, average shadowing,
asymptotic average shadowing and specification properties. We also introduce a
weaker notion that is called two-sided limit shadowing with a gap and prove
that it implies shadowing and transitivity. We show that those two properties
allow to characterize topological transitivity and mixing in a class of
expansive homeomorphisms and hence they characterize transitive (mixing) shifts
of finite type.Comment: 1 figure, comments are welcome
Gluon- vs. sea quark-shadowing
We calculate the shadowing of sea quarks and gluons and show that the shadowing of gluons is not simply given by the sea quark shadowing, especially at small x. The calculations are done in the lab frame approach by using the generalized vector meson dominance model. Here the virtual photon turns into a hadronic fluctuation long before the nucleus. The subsequent coherent interaction with more than one nucleon in the nucleus leads to the depletion sigma(gamma* A) < A sigma( gamma*N) known as shadowing. A comparison of the shadowing of quarks to E665 data for 40Ca and 207Pb shows good agreement
Gluon versus sea quark shadowing
We calculate the shadowing of sea quarks and gluons and show that the shadowing of gluons is not simply given by the sea quark shadowing, especially at small x. The calculations are done in the lab frame approach by using the generalized vector meson dominance model. Here the virtual photon turns into a hadronic fluctuation long before the nucleus. The subsequent coherent interaction with more than one nucleon in the nucleus leads to the depletion sigma(gamma*A )< A*sigma(gamma * N) known as shadowing. A comparison of the shadowing of quarks to E665 data for 40Ca and 207Pb shows good agreement
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