Sequential fault detection for sealed deep groove ball bearings of in-wheel motor in variable operating conditions

Sealed deep groove ball bearings (SDGBBs) are employed to perform the relevant duties of in-wheel motor. However, the unique construction and complex operating environment of in-wheel motor may aggravate the occurrence of SDGBB faults. Therefore, this study presents a new intelligent diagnosis method for detecting SDGBB faults of in-wheel motor. The method is constructed on the basis of optimal composition of symptom parameters (SPOC) and support vector machines (SVMs). SPOC, as the objects of a follow-on process, is proposed to obtain from symptom parameters (SPs) of multi-direction. Moreover, the optimal hyper-plane of two states is automatically obtained using soft margin SVM and SPOC, and then using multi-SVMs, the system of intelligent diagnosis is built to detect many faults and identify fault types. The experiment results confirmed that the proposed method can excellently perform fault detection and fault-type identification for the SDGBB of in-wheel motor in variable operating conditions

Machine learning and deep learning based methods toward Industry 4.0 predictive maintenance in induction motors: Α state of the art survey

Purpose: Developments in Industry 4.0 technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have enabled data-driven manufacturing. Predictive maintenance (PdM) has therefore become the prominent approach for fault detection and diagnosis (FD/D) of induction motors (IMs). The maintenance and early FD/D of IMs are critical processes, considering that they constitute the main power source in the industrial production environment. Machine learning (ML) methods have enhanced the performance and reliability of PdM. Various deep learning (DL) based FD/D methods have emerged in recent years, providing automatic feature engineering and learning and thereby alleviating drawbacks of traditional ML based methods. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of ML and DL based FD/D methods of IMs that have emerged since 2015. An overview of the main DL architectures used for this purpose is also presented. A discussion of the recent trends is given as well as future directions for research. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive survey has been carried out through all available publication databases using related keywords. Classification of the reviewed works has been done according to the main ML and DL techniques and algorithms Findings: DL based PdM methods have been mainly introduced and implemented for IM fault diagnosis in recent years. Novel DL FD/D methods are based on single DL techniques as well as hybrid techniques. DL methods have also been used for signal preprocessing and moreover, have been combined with traditional ML algorithms to enhance the FD/D performance in feature engineering. Publicly available datasets have been mostly used to test the performance of the developed methods, however industrial datasets should become available as well. Multi-agent system (MAS) based PdM employing ML classifiers has been explored. Several methods have investigated multiple IM faults, however, the presence of multiple faults occurring simultaneously has rarely been investigated. Originality/value: The paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent advances in PdM of IMs based on ML and DL methods that have emerged since 2015Peer Reviewe

A Robust Bearing Fault Detection and Diagnosis Technique for Brushless DC Motors Under Non-stationary Operating Conditions

Rolling element bearing defects are among the main reasons for the breakdown of electrical machines, and therefore, early diagnosis of these is necessary to avoid more catastrophic failure consequences. This paper presents a novel approach for identifying rolling element bearing defects in brushless DC motors under non-stationary operating conditions. Stator current and lateral vibration measurements are selected as fault indicators to extract meaningful features, using a discrete wavelet transform. These features are further reduced via the application of orthogonal fuzzy neighbourhood discriminative analysis. A recurrent neural network is then used to detect and classify the presence of bearing faults. The proposed system is implemented and tested in simulation on data collected from an experimental setup, to verify its effectiveness and reliability in accurately detecting and classifying the various faults

Online Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on a Novel Degradation Indicator and Convolutional Neural Networks

In industrial applications, nearly half the failures of motors are caused by the degradation of rolling element bearings (REBs). Therefore, accurately estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) for REBs are of crucial importance to ensure the reliability and safety of mechanical systems. To tackle this challenge, model-based approaches are often limited by the complexity of mathematical modeling. Conventional data-driven approaches, on the other hand, require massive efforts to extract the degradation features and construct health index. In this paper, a novel online data-driven framework is proposed to exploit the adoption of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) in predicting the RUL of bearings. More concretely, the raw vibrations of training bearings are first processed using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and a novel nonlinear degradation indicator is constructed as the label for learning. The CNN is then employed to identify the hidden pattern between the extracted degradation indicator and the vibration of training bearings, which makes it possible to estimate the degradation of the test bearings automatically. Finally, testing bearings' RULs are predicted by using a $\epsilon$-support vector regression model. The superior performance of the proposed RUL estimation framework, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, is demonstrated through the experimental results. The generality of the proposed CNN model is also validated by transferring to bearings undergoing different operating conditions

Diagnosing Localized and Distributed Bearing Faults by Bearing Noise Signal Using Machine Learning and Kurstogram

Bearings are a common component and crucial to most rotating machinery. Their failures are the causes for more than half of the total machine failures, each with the potential to cause extreme damage, injury, and downtime. Therefore, fault detection through condition monitoring has a significant importance. Since the initial cost of standard condition monitoring techniques such as vibration signature analysis is high and has a long payback period, the condition monitoring via audio signal processing is proposed for both localized faults and distributed/ generalized roughness faults in the rolling bearing. It is not appropriate to analyze bearing faults using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the noise signal of bearing since localized faults are Amplitude Modulated (AM) and mixed up with background noises. Localized faults are processed using Kurstogram technique for finding the appropriate filtering band because localized faulty bearings produce impulsive signal

Fault detection and diagnosis of rotating machinery using modified particle filter

In order to effectively monitor condition and detect fault types of high nonlinear system, and extract the features of system state under strong noise background, this paper proposes a novel fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method based on modified particle filter (PF). The artificial neural network is incorporated in PF for adaptively adjusting weight of particle. In the modified PF, the large weight particles are split into several small weight particles, the particles with smaller weight is adjusted by using artificial neural network. By which the particles in the low probability density region are adjusted to the high probability density region, and the problem of particle leanness is solved effectively. Moreover, this paper also uses time-varying auto regressive (TVAR) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) methods to establish state space model for state estimation. Finally, the proposed method is implemented for fault diagnosis on a roller bearing. Good results are obtained, and the bearing faults, such as the outer race, the inner race and the roller element defects, have been effectively discriminated

Health condition assessment of ball bearings using TOSELM

The health condition assessment of Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) traction motor ball bearing is one of the key issues of high-speed train running safety. In order to assess health condition of EMU traction motor ball bearing, an online-sequential extreme learning machine algorithm based on TensorFlow (TOSELM) is proposed. Samples data set is divided into normal condition and fault condition using vibration data of ball bearings. This paper uses health condition accuracy rate index to evaluate TOSELM algorithm performance. The proposed approach is verified by public data set and private data set. The experiment results show the proposed method is an effective method for ball bearing health status assessment