3,011 research outputs found

    Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law

    Get PDF
    This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Incremental schema integration for data wrangling via knowledge graphs

    Get PDF
    Virtual data integration is the current approach to go for data wrangling in data-driven decision-making. In this paper, we focus on automating schema integration, which extracts a homogenised representation of the data source schemata and integrates them into a global schema to enable virtual data integration. Schema integration requires a set of well-known constructs: the data source schemata and wrappers, a global integrated schema and the mappings between them. Based on them, virtual data integration systems enable fast and on-demand data exploration via query rewriting. Unfortunately, the generation of such constructs is currently performed in a largely manual manner, hindering its feasibility in real scenarios. This becomes aggravated when dealing with heterogeneous and evolving data sources. To overcome these issues, we propose a fully-fledged semi-automatic and incremental approach grounded on knowledge graphs to generate the required schema integration constructs in four main steps: bootstrapping, schema matching, schema integration, and generation of system-specific constructs. We also present NextiaDI, a tool implementing our approach. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation is presented to scrutinize our approach.This work was partly supported by the DOGO4ML project, funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under project PID2020-117191RB-I00, and D3M project, funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under project PDC2021-121195-I00. Javier Flores is supported by contract 2020-DI-027 of the Industrial Doctorate Program of the Government of Catalonia and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, Mexico). Sergi Nadal is partly supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, as well as the European Union – NextGenerationEU, under project FJC2020-045809-I.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Smart object-oriented access control: Distributed access control for the Internet of Things

    Get PDF
    Ensuring that data and devices are secure is of critical importance to information technology. While access control has held a key role in traditional computer security, its role in the evolving Internet of Things is less clear. In particular, the access control literature has suggested that new challenges, such as multi-user controls, fine-grained controls, and dynamic controls, prompt a foundational re-thinking of access control. We analyse these challenges, finding instead that the main foundational challenge posed by the Internet of Things involves decentralization: accurately describing access control in Internet of Things environments (e.g., the Smart Home) requires a new model of multiple, independent access control systems. To address this challenge, we propose a meta-model (i.e., a model of models): Smart Object-Oriented Access Control (SOOAC). This model is an extension of the XACML framework, built from principles relating to modularity adapted from object-oriented programming and design. SOOAC draws attention to a new class of problem involving the resolution of policy conflicts that emerge from the interaction of smart devices in the home. Contrary to traditional (local) policy conflicts, these global policy conflicts emerge when contradictory policies exist across multiple access control systems. We give a running example of a global policy conflict involving transitive access. To automatically avoid global policy conflicts before they arise, we extend SOOAC with a recursive algorithm through which devices communicate access requests before allowing or denying access themselves. This algorithm ensures that both individual devices and the collective smart home are secure. We implement SOOAC within a prototype smart home and assess its validity in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Our analysis shows that SOOAC is successful at avoiding policy conflicts before they emerge, in real time. Finally, we explore improvements that can be made to SOOAC and suggest directions for future work

    A Supportive Framework for the Development of a Digital Twin for Wind Turbines Using Open-Source Software Tiril Malmedal Mechanics and Process Technology

    Get PDF
    The world is facing a global climate crisis. Renewable energy is one of the big solutions, nevertheless, there are technological challenges. Wind power is an important part of the renewable energy system. With the digitalization of industry, smart monitoring and operation is an important step towards efficient use of resources. Thus, Digital Twins (DT) should be applied to enhance power output. Digital Twins for energy systems combine many fields of study, such as smart monitoring, big data technology, and advanced physical modeling. Frameworks for the structure of Digital Twins are many, but there are few standardized methods based on the experience of such developed Digital Twins. An integrative review on the topic of Digital Twins with the goal of creating a conceptual development framework for DTs with open-source software is performed. However, the framework is yet to be tested experimentally but is nevertheless an important contribution toward the understanding of DT technology development. The result of the review is a seven-step framework identifying potential components and methods needed to create a fully developed DT for the aerodynamics of a wind turbine. Suggested steps are Assessment, Create, Communicate, Aggregate, Analyze, Insight, and Act. The goal is that the framework can stimulate more research on digital twins for small-scale wind power. Thus, making small-scale wind power more accessible and affordable

    Predicate Matrix: an interoperable lexical knowledge base for predicates

    Get PDF
    183 p.La Matriz de Predicados (Predicate Matrix en inglés) es un nuevo recurso léxico-semántico resultado de la integración de múltiples fuentes de conocimiento, entre las cuales se encuentran FrameNet, VerbNet, PropBank y WordNet. La Matriz de Predicados proporciona un léxico extenso y robusto que permite mejorar la interoperabilidad entre los recursos semánticos mencionados anteriormente. La creación de la Matriz de Predicados se basa en la integración de Semlink y nuevos mappings obtenidos utilizando métodos automáticos que enlazan el conocimiento semántico a nivel léxico y de roles. Asimismo, hemos ampliado la Predicate Matrix para cubrir los predicados nominales (inglés, español) y predicados en otros idiomas (castellano, catalán y vasco). Como resultado, la Matriz de predicados proporciona un léxico multilingüe que permite el análisis semántico interoperable en múltiples idiomas

    20th SC@RUG 2023 proceedings 2022-2023

    Get PDF

    Towards A Practical High-Assurance Systems Programming Language

    Full text link
    Writing correct and performant low-level systems code is a notoriously demanding job, even for experienced developers. To make the matter worse, formally reasoning about their correctness properties introduces yet another level of complexity to the task. It requires considerable expertise in both systems programming and formal verification. The development can be extremely costly due to the sheer complexity of the systems and the nuances in them, if not assisted with appropriate tools that provide abstraction and automation. Cogent is designed to alleviate the burden on developers when writing and verifying systems code. It is a high-level functional language with a certifying compiler, which automatically proves the correctness of the compiled code and also provides a purely functional abstraction of the low-level program to the developer. Equational reasoning techniques can then be used to prove functional correctness properties of the program on top of this abstract semantics, which is notably less laborious than directly verifying the C code. To make Cogent a more approachable and effective tool for developing real-world systems, we further strengthen the framework by extending the core language and its ecosystem. Specifically, we enrich the language to allow users to control the memory representation of algebraic data types, while retaining the automatic proof with a data layout refinement calculus. We repurpose existing tools in a novel way and develop an intuitive foreign function interface, which provides users a seamless experience when using Cogent in conjunction with native C. We augment the Cogent ecosystem with a property-based testing framework, which helps developers better understand the impact formal verification has on their programs and enables a progressive approach to producing high-assurance systems. Finally we explore refinement type systems, which we plan to incorporate into Cogent for more expressiveness and better integration of systems programmers with the verification process
    • …
    corecore