17,403 research outputs found
Recommendations for the representation of hierarchical objects in Europeana
The issue of handling hierarchical objects has been always an important topic for Europeana’s network of projects and Data Providers. The implementation of solutions in the Europeana portal has been delayed for a long time mainly due to the fact that complex objects required the development of new functionalities that could not be supported by the Europeana Semantic Elements (ESE) model. Indeed the simplicity and the flatness of this model prevented Data Providers from supplying complex objects
Geographical information retrieval with ontologies of place
Geographical context is required of many information retrieval tasks in which the target of the search may be documents, images or records which are referenced to geographical space only by means of place names. Often there may be an imprecise match between the query name and the names associated with candidate sources of information. There is a need therefore for geographical information retrieval facilities that can rank the relevance of candidate information with respect to geographical closeness of place as well as semantic closeness with respect to the information of interest. Here we present an ontology of place that combines limited coordinate data with semantic and qualitative spatial relationships between places. This parsimonious model of geographical place supports maintenance of knowledge of place names that relate to extensive regions of the Earth at multiple levels of granularity. The ontology has been implemented with a semantic modelling system linking non-spatial conceptual hierarchies with the place ontology. An hierarchical spatial distance measure is combined with Euclidean distance between place centroids to create a hybrid spatial distance measure. This is integrated with thematic distance, based on classification semantics, to create an integrated semantic closeness measure that can be used for a relevance ranking of retrieved objects
Ontology mapping by concept similarity
This paper presents an approach to the problem of mapping ontologies. The motivation for the research stems from the Diogene Project which is developing a web training environment for ICT professionals. The system includes high quality training material from registered content providers, and free web material will also be made available through the project's "Web Discovery" component. This involves using web search engines to locate relevant material, and mapping the ontology at the core of the Diogene system to other ontologies that exist on the Semantic Web. The project's approach to ontology mapping is presented, and an evaluation of this method is described
The SP theory of intelligence: benefits and applications
This article describes existing and expected benefits of the "SP theory of
intelligence", and some potential applications. The theory aims to simplify and
integrate ideas across artificial intelligence, mainstream computing, and human
perception and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. It
combines conceptual simplicity with descriptive and explanatory power across
several areas of computing and cognition. In the "SP machine" -- an expression
of the SP theory which is currently realized in the form of a computer model --
there is potential for an overall simplification of computing systems,
including software. The SP theory promises deeper insights and better solutions
in several areas of application including, most notably, unsupervised learning,
natural language processing, autonomous robots, computer vision, intelligent
databases, software engineering, information compression, medical diagnosis and
big data. There is also potential in areas such as the semantic web,
bioinformatics, structuring of documents, the detection of computer viruses,
data fusion, new kinds of computer, and the development of scientific theories.
The theory promises seamless integration of structures and functions within and
between different areas of application. The potential value, worldwide, of
these benefits and applications is at least $190 billion each year. Further
development would be facilitated by the creation of a high-parallel,
open-source version of the SP machine, available to researchers everywhere.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1212.022
Visualizing and Interacting with Concept Hierarchies
Concept Hierarchies and Formal Concept Analysis are theoretically well
grounded and largely experimented methods. They rely on line diagrams called
Galois lattices for visualizing and analysing object-attribute sets. Galois
lattices are visually seducing and conceptually rich for experts. However they
present important drawbacks due to their concept oriented overall structure:
analysing what they show is difficult for non experts, navigation is
cumbersome, interaction is poor, and scalability is a deep bottleneck for
visual interpretation even for experts. In this paper we introduce semantic
probes as a means to overcome many of these problems and extend usability and
application possibilities of traditional FCA visualization methods. Semantic
probes are visual user centred objects which extract and organize reduced
Galois sub-hierarchies. They are simpler, clearer, and they provide a better
navigation support through a rich set of interaction possibilities. Since probe
driven sub-hierarchies are limited to users focus, scalability is under control
and interpretation is facilitated. After some successful experiments, several
applications are being developed with the remaining problem of finding a
compromise between simplicity and conceptual expressivity
Ontology: A Linked Data Hub for Mathematics
In this paper, we present an ontology of mathematical knowledge concepts that
covers a wide range of the fields of mathematics and introduces a balanced
representation between comprehensive and sensible models. We demonstrate the
applications of this representation in information extraction, semantic search,
and education. We argue that the ontology can be a core of future integration
of math-aware data sets in the Web of Data and, therefore, provide mappings
onto relevant datasets, such as DBpedia and ScienceWISE.Comment: 15 pages, 6 images, 1 table, Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic
Web - 5th International Conferenc
Storing RDF as a Graph
RDF is the first W3C standard for enriching information resources of the Web with detailed meta data. The semantics of RDF data is defined using a RDF schema. The most expressive language for querying RDF is RQL, which enables querying of semantics. In order to support RQL, a RDF storage system has to map the RDF graph model onto its storage structure. Several storage systems for RDF data have been developed, which store the RDF data as triples in a relational database. To evaluate an RQL query on those triple structures, the graph model has to be rebuilt from the triples.
In this paper, we presented a new approach to store RDF data as a graph in a object-oriented database. Our approach avoids the costly rebuilding of the graph and efficiently queries the storage structure directly. The advantages of our approach have been shown by performance test on our prototype implementation OO-Store
TGVizTab: An ontology visualisation extension for Protégé
Ontologies are gaining a lot of interest and many are being developed to provide a variety of knowledge services. There is an increasing need for tools to graphically and in-teractively visualise such modelling structures to enhance their clarification, verification and analysis. Protégé 2000 is one of the most popular ontology modelling tools currently available. This paper introduces TGVizTab; a new Protégé plugin based on TouchGraph technology to graphically visualise Protégé?s ontologies
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