A novel power state evaluation method for the lithium battery packs based on the improved external measurable parameter coupling model.

The power state evaluation plays a decisive influence on the safety implication of the lithium battery packs, and there is no effective online evaluation method so far due to the imbalance phenomenon among the internal connected battery cells, which cannot be abstained by the advancement of the materials and techniques. A novel power state mathematical evaluation method is proposed in this paper by investigating the improved external parameter coupling treatment, in which the mutual relationship description is conducted by the parameter information feature decomposition together with the Bayesian sequential decision algorithm. The complicated power state evaluation model with the coupling relationship decomposition is constructed by investigating the non-convex optimization treatment under complex working conditions for the lithium battery packs. The evidence combination is realized by introducing the information fusion strategy, according to which the multi criteria decision is realized by using the evidence theory. As can be seen from the experimental results, the voltage difference is within 10 mV in both of the first and the second phases, which increases rapidly in the third phase and reaches a maximum of 120 mV. Meanwhile, its power state evaluation accuracy is 95.00% and has a good output voltage tracking effect in the complex working conditions. The power state evaluation can be realized effectively by the proposed model constructing method, which is suitable for the complex battery cell combination structures and environmental influences, protecting the reliable and hierarchical working state monitoring and management of the lithium battery packs. It provides safety protection and energy management basis for the reliable power supply in the cleaner production of the power lithium battery packs

Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

\ua9 1986-2012 IEEE. Lithium iron phosphate battery packs are widely employed for energy storage in electrified vehicles and power grids. However, their flat voltage curves rendering the weakly observable state of charge are a critical stumbling block for charge equalization management. This paper focuses on the real-time active balancing of series-connected lithium iron phosphate batteries. In the absence of accurate in situ state information in the voltage plateau, a balancing current ratio (BCR) based algorithm is proposed for battery balancing. Then, BCR-based and voltage-based algorithms are fused, responsible for the balancing task within and beyond the voltage plateau, respectively. The balancing process is formulated as a batch-based run-to-run control problem, as the first time in the research area of battery management. The control algorithm acts in two timescales, including timewise control within each batch run and batchwise control at the end of each batch. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the proposed balancing algorithm is able to release 97.1% of the theoretical capacity and can improve the capacity utilization by 5.7% from its benchmarking algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be coded in C language with the binary code in 118 328 bytes only and, thus, is readily implementable in real time