7,449 research outputs found
MAP: Medial Axis Based Geometric Routing in Sensor Networks
One of the challenging tasks in the deployment of dense wireless networks (like sensor networks) is in devising a routing scheme for node to node communication. Important consideration includes scalability, routing complexity, the length of the communication paths and the load sharing of the routes. In this paper, we show that a compact and expressive abstraction of network connectivity by the medial axis enables efficient and localized routing. We propose MAP, a Medial Axis based naming and routing Protocol that does not require locations, makes routing decisions locally, and achieves good load balancing. In its preprocessing phase, MAP constructs the medial axis of the sensor field, defined as the set of nodes with at least two closest boundary nodes. The medial axis of the network captures both the complex geometry and non-trivial topology of the sensor field. It can be represented compactly by a graph whose size is comparable with the complexity of the geometric features (e.g., the number of holes). Each node is then given a name related to its position with respect to the medial axis. The routing scheme is derived through local decisions based on the names of the source and destination nodes and guarantees delivery with reasonable and natural routes. We show by both theoretical analysis and simulations that our medial axis based geometric routing scheme is scalable, produces short routes, achieves excellent load balancing, and is very robust to variations in the network model
Sandpiles, spanning trees, and plane duality
Let G be a connected, loopless multigraph. The sandpile group of G is a
finite abelian group associated to G whose order is equal to the number of
spanning trees in G. Holroyd et al. used a dynamical process on graphs called
rotor-routing to define a simply transitive action of the sandpile group of G
on its set of spanning trees. Their definition depends on two pieces of
auxiliary data: a choice of a ribbon graph structure on G, and a choice of a
root vertex. Chan, Church, and Grochow showed that if G is a planar ribbon
graph, it has a canonical rotor-routing action associated to it, i.e., the
rotor-routing action is actually independent of the choice of root vertex.
It is well-known that the spanning trees of a planar graph G are in canonical
bijection with those of its planar dual G*, and furthermore that the sandpile
groups of G and G* are isomorphic. Thus, one can ask: are the two rotor-routing
actions, of the sandpile group of G on its spanning trees, and of the sandpile
group of G* on its spanning trees, compatible under plane duality? In this
paper, we give an affirmative answer to this question, which had been
conjectured by Baker.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Toward incremental FIB aggregation with quick selections (FAQS)
Several approaches to mitigating the Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
overflow problem were developed and software solutions using FIB aggregation
are of particular interest. One of the greatest concerns to deploy these
algorithms to real networks is their high running time and heavy computational
overhead to handle thousands of FIB updates every second. In this work, we
manage to use a single tree traversal to implement faster aggregation and
update handling algorithm with much lower memory footprint than other existing
work. We utilize 6-year realistic IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables from 2011 to
2016 to evaluate the performance of our algorithm with various metrics. To the
best of our knowledge, it is the first time that IPv6 FIB aggregation has been
performed. Our new solution is 2.53 and 1.75 times as fast as
the-state-of-the-art FIB aggregation algorithm for IPv4 and IPv6 FIBs,
respectively, while achieving a near-optimal FIB aggregation ratio
Control Plane Compression
We develop an algorithm capable of compressing large networks into a smaller
ones with similar control plane behavior: For every stable routing solution in
the large, original network, there exists a corresponding solution in the
compressed network, and vice versa. Our compression algorithm preserves a wide
variety of network properties including reachability, loop freedom, and path
length. Consequently, operators may speed up network analysis, based on
simulation, emulation, or verification, by analyzing only the compressed
network. Our approach is based on a new theory of control plane equivalence. We
implement these ideas in a tool called Bonsai and apply it to real and
synthetic networks. Bonsai can shrink real networks by over a factor of 5 and
speed up analysis by several orders of magnitude.Comment: Extended version of the paper appearing in ACM SIGCOMM 201
Euclidean Greedy Drawings of Trees
Greedy embedding (or drawing) is a simple and efficient strategy to route
messages in wireless sensor networks. For each source-destination pair of nodes
s, t in a greedy embedding there is always a neighbor u of s that is closer to
t according to some distance metric. The existence of greedy embeddings in the
Euclidean plane R^2 is known for certain graph classes such as 3-connected
planar graphs. We completely characterize the trees that admit a greedy
embedding in R^2. This answers a question by Angelini et al. (Graph Drawing
2009) and is a further step in characterizing the graphs that admit Euclidean
greedy embeddings.Comment: Expanded version of a paper to appear in the 21st European Symposium
on Algorithms (ESA 2013). 24 pages, 20 figure
Partitioning Graph Drawings and Triangulated Simple Polygons into Greedily Routable Regions
A greedily routable region (GRR) is a closed subset of , in
which each destination point can be reached from each starting point by
choosing the direction with maximum reduction of the distance to the
destination in each point of the path.
Recently, Tan and Kermarrec proposed a geographic routing protocol for dense
wireless sensor networks based on decomposing the network area into a small
number of interior-disjoint GRRs. They showed that minimum decomposition is
NP-hard for polygons with holes.
We consider minimum GRR decomposition for plane straight-line drawings of
graphs. Here, GRRs coincide with self-approaching drawings of trees, a drawing
style which has become a popular research topic in graph drawing. We show that
minimum decomposition is still NP-hard for graphs with cycles, but can be
solved optimally for trees in polynomial time. Additionally, we give a
2-approximation for simple polygons, if a given triangulation has to be
respected.Comment: full version of a paper appearing in ISAAC 201
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