Sustainable syngas production: Economic and circular economy benefits of PET waste gasification

This paper promotes awareness of the circular economy as a superior waste disposal system alternative. The novelty of this study is to model cleaner energy generation from the gasification of polyethene terephthalate (PET) waste accompanied by a detailed analysis on the economic feasibility. In the approximate analysis of PET, the percentage values for Ash and hydrogen were low (0 and 4.21, respectively). This parameter significantly impacted the Ash and hydrogen contents of the output gas, as it directly influenced the PET feedstock to a more excellent heating value (23.34 MJ/kg) and lower heating value (10.63 MJ/kg). Temperature and pressure are treated as free variables throughout each block during the gasification procedures. A sensitivity study revealed that the PET moisture content has no significant effect on the product composition. The economic analysis indicated that the gasification process could be economically viable. The economic analysis of the process considered the comprehensive evaluation of the plant’s financial aspects. The economic evaluation indicated that the facility would reach the break-even point by the end of its third year of operation, demonstrating its economic viability, with an NPV of £77,574,506.37 and an ROI of 40.1% for the suggested 25-year operational period of the facility

Reduction of energy consumption using smart home techniques in the household sector

Outcomes of exhaustion of natural resources started influencing each spirit on this planet. Energy is an essential factor in this aspect. To restore the circumstance to the appropriate track, all attempts must focus on two fundamental branches: producing electricity from clean and renewable reserves and decreasing the overall unnecessary consumption of energy. The focal point of this paper will be on lessening the power consumption in the household's segment. This paper is an attempt to give a clear understanding of a framework called Reduction of Energy Consumption in Household Sector (RECHS) and how it should help householders to reduce their power consumption by substituting their household appliances, turning-off the appliances when stand-by modus is detected, and scheduling their appliances operation periods. Technically, the framework depends on utilizing Z-Wave compatible plug-ins which will be connected to the usual house devices to gauge and control them remotely and semi-automatically. The suggested framework underpins numerous quality characteristics, for example, integrability, scalability, security and adaptability

Investment decisions and sensitivity analysis: NPV-consistency of rates of return

Investment decisions may be evaluated via several different metrics/criteria, which are functions of a vector of value drivers. The economic significance and the reliability of a metric depend on its compatibility with the Net Present Value (NPV). Traditionally, a metric is said to be NPV-consistent if it is coherent with NPV in signalling value creation. This paper makes use of Sensitivity Analysis (SA) for measuring coherence between rates of return and NPV. In particular, it introduces a new, stronger definition of NPV-consistency that takes into account the influence of value drivers on the metric output. A metric is strongly NPV-consistent if it signals value creation and the ranking of the value drivers in terms of impact on the output is the same as that provided by the NPV. The degree of (in)coherence is calculated with Spearman's (1904) correlation coefficient and Iman and Conover's (1987) top-down coefficient. We focus on the class of AIRRs (Magni 2010, 2013) and show that the average Return On Investment (ROI) enjoys strong NPV-consistency under several (possibly all) methods of Sensitivity Analysis

Application of decision tree analysis and expected monetary value technique in quantitative risk management : Evaluation of less risky investment strategy.

The objective of this thesis is to produce information for decision making for a case company that is in the industry of truck spare parts and accessories. The company intends to expand its operations in the coming years. For the past couple of years, the company has been pilot-ing a business where used truck brake calipers are collected from the customer, recondi-tioned, and sold to the market as good as new with full warranties. In this thesis investment strategies have been named Option 1 and Option 2. The first option has higher capital in-vestment costs due to larger production facilities, more workforce and equipment as well as larger brake caliper stock. The circular economy is strongly present in this thesis because the brake caliper business is truly the heart of the circular economy. The growing world popula-tion, the strong growth of the middle class, and the increased consumption of natural re-sources are making climate change reality. This is driving companies towards net-zero emis-sions and sustainable development. Two different investment strategies were examined through decision tree analysis (DTA) and the expected monetary value (EMV) technique. These investment strategies were carefully planned and quantified. The investment strategy with higher or lowest negative EMV value was selected and evaluated by using financial anal-ysis calculations. The financial analysis calculations were used to calculate the profitability of the selected investment and thus needed information was generated for the case company´s decision making. Risk management is an important area when considering new investments and this needs to be adapted in day-to-day operations