522 research outputs found
Resource management for macrocell users in hybrid access femtocells
Abstract-The constant evolution of mobile-phone traffic demands for novel networking solutions especially focused on indoor environment. In this context, the use of femtocells, i.e., cells with very limited coverage area, has been proposed. In this paper, a femtocell network with hybrid access control mode is considered. The activity profile of the Femtocell Users (FUs) is modeled to compute the maximum achievable throughput and the consumed energy per successfully transmitted data bit by the Macrocell Users (MUs), depending on which set of channels are operated in open access mode, i.e., which channels can be used by MUs. Thus, it is identified how many and which channels must be operated in open access mode, depending on the physical capacities of the channels and the amount of time these channels are not occupied by FUs. The results motivate the need for novel resource management schemes which can dynamically adapt the set of open access channels to the network conditions
Open vs Closed Access Femtocells in the Uplink
Femtocells are assuming an increasingly important role in the coverage and
capacity of cellular networks. In contrast to existing cellular systems,
femtocells are end-user deployed and controlled, randomly located, and rely on
third party backhaul (e.g. DSL or cable modem). Femtocells can be configured to
be either open access or closed access. Open access allows an arbitrary nearby
cellular user to use the femtocell, whereas closed access restricts the use of
the femtocell to users explicitly approved by the owner. Seemingly, the network
operator would prefer an open access deployment since this provides an
inexpensive way to expand their network capabilities, whereas the femtocell
owner would prefer closed access, in order to keep the femtocell's capacity and
backhaul to himself. We show mathematically and through simulations that the
reality is more complicated for both parties, and that the best approach
depends heavily on whether the multiple access scheme is orthogonal (TDMA or
OFDMA, per subband) or non-orthogonal (CDMA). In a TDMA/OFDMA network,
closed-access is typically preferable at high user densities, whereas in CDMA,
open access can provide gains of more than 200% for the home user by reducing
the near-far problem experienced by the femtocell. The results of this paper
suggest that the interests of the femtocell owner and the network operator are
more compatible than typically believed, and that CDMA femtocells should be
configured for open access whereas OFDMA or TDMA femtocells should adapt to the
cellular user density.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to IEEE Trans. on Wireless
Communication
Interference Management in Heterogeneous Networks with Blind Transmitters
Future multi-tier communication networks will require enhanced network
capacity and reduced overhead. In the absence of Channel State Information
(CSI) at the transmitters, Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) and Topological
Interference Management (TIM) can achieve optimal Degrees of Freedom (DoF),
minimising network's overhead. In addition, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
(NOMA) can increase the sum rate of the network, compared to orthogonal radio
access techniques currently adopted by 4G networks. Our contribution is two
interference management schemes, BIA and a hybrid TIM-NOMA scheme, employed in
heterogeneous networks by applying user-pairing and Kronecker Product
representation. BIA manages inter- and intra-cell interference by antenna
selection and appropriate message scheduling. The hybrid scheme manages
intra-cell interference based on NOMA and inter-cell interference based on TIM.
We show that both schemes achieve at least double the rate of TDMA. The hybrid
scheme always outperforms TDMA and BIA in terms of Degrees of Freedom (DoF).
Comparing the two proposed schemes, BIA achieves more DoF than TDMA under
certain restrictions, and provides better Bit-Error-Rate (BER) and sum rate
performance to macrocell users, whereas the hybrid scheme improves the
performance of femtocell users.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figure
A self-organized resource allocation scheme for heterogeneous macro-femto networks
This paper investigates the radio resource management (RRM) issues in a heterogeneous macro-femto network. The objective of femto deployment is to improve coverage, capacity, and experienced quality of service of indoor users. The location and density of user-deployed femtos is not known a-priori. This makes interference management crucial. In particular, with co-channel allocation (to improve resource utilization efficiency), RRM becomes involved because of both cross-layer and co-layer interference. In this paper, we review the resource allocation strategies available in the literature for heterogeneous macro-femto network. Then, we propose a self-organized resource allocation (SO-RA) scheme for an orthogonal frequency division multiple access based macro-femto network to mitigate co-layer interference in the downlink transmission. We compare its performance with the existing schemes like Reuse-1, adaptive frequency reuse (AFR), and AFR with power control (one of our proposed modification to AFR approach) in terms of 10 percentile user throughput and fairness to femto users. The performance of AFR with power control scheme matches closely with Reuse-1, while the SO-RA scheme achieves improved throughput and fairness performance. SO-RA scheme ensures minimum throughput guarantee to all femto users and exhibits better performance than the existing state-of-the-art resource allocation schemes
Spectrum Leasing as an Incentive towards Uplink Macrocell and Femtocell Cooperation
The concept of femtocell access points underlaying existing communication
infrastructure has recently emerged as a key technology that can significantly
improve the coverage and performance of next-generation wireless networks. In
this paper, we propose a framework for macrocell-femtocell cooperation under a
closed access policy, in which a femtocell user may act as a relay for
macrocell users. In return, each cooperative macrocell user grants the
femtocell user a fraction of its superframe. We formulate a coalitional game
with macrocell and femtocell users being the players, which can take individual
and distributed decisions on whether to cooperate or not, while maximizing a
utility function that captures the cooperative gains, in terms of throughput
and delay.We show that the network can selforganize into a partition composed
of disjoint coalitions which constitutes the recursive core of the game
representing a key solution concept for coalition formation games in partition
form. Simulation results show that the proposed coalition formation algorithm
yields significant gains in terms of average rate per macrocell user, reaching
up to 239%, relative to the non-cooperative case. Moreover, the proposed
approach shows an improvement in terms of femtocell users' rate of up to 21%
when compared to the traditional closed access policy.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, accepted at the IEEE JSAC on Femtocell Network
Multi-channel Hybrid Access Femtocells: A Stochastic Geometric Analysis
For two-tier networks consisting of macrocells and femtocells, the channel
access mechanism can be configured to be open access, closed access, or hybrid
access. Hybrid access arises as a compromise between open and closed access
mechanisms, in which a fraction of available spectrum resource is shared to
nonsubscribers while the remaining reserved for subscribers. This paper focuses
on a hybrid access mechanism for multi-channel femtocells which employ
orthogonal spectrum access schemes. Considering a randomized channel assignment
strategy, we analyze the performance in the downlink. Using stochastic geometry
as technical tools, we model the distribution of femtocells as Poisson point
process or Neyman-Scott cluster process and derive the distributions of
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios, and mean achievable rates, of both
nonsubscribers and subscribers. The established expressions are amenable to
numerical evaluation, and shed key insights into the performance tradeoff
between subscribers and nonsubscribers. The analytical results are corroborated
by numerical simulations.Comment: This is the final version, which was accepted in IEEE Transactions on
Communication
Open, Closed, and Shared Access Femtocells in the Downlink
A fundamental choice in femtocell deployments is the set of users which are
allowed to access each femtocell. Closed access restricts the set to
specifically registered users, while open access allows any mobile subscriber
to use any femtocell. Which one is preferable depends strongly on the distance
between the macrocell base station (MBS) and femtocell. The main results of the
paper are lemmas which provide expressions for the SINR distribution for
various zones within a cell as a function of this MBS-femto distance. The
average sum throughput (or any other SINR-based metric) of home users and
cellular users under open and closed access can be readily determined from
these expressions. We show that unlike in the uplink, the interests of home and
cellular users are in conflict, with home users preferring closed access and
cellular users preferring open access. The conflict is most pronounced for
femtocells near the cell edge, when there are many cellular users and fewer
femtocells. To mitigate this conflict, we propose a middle way which we term
shared access in which femtocells allocate an adjustable number of time-slots
between home and cellular users such that a specified minimum rate for each can
be achieved. The optimal such sharing fraction is derived. Analysis shows that
shared access achieves at least the overall throughput of open access while
also satisfying rate requirements, while closed access fails for cellular users
and open access fails for the home user.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communication
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