A comparative study of conceptual graph and concept map

The purpose of this paper is to compare two types of graphical models that are widely being used nowadays. The models are called conceptual graph and concept map.Although the names of these models are similar, however, the characteristics of each model are different.A number of 18 papers are compared and important elements for these models are discussed in these papers.This paper is divided into eight sub-topics.The output of this paper is the comparison of characteristics and usage of these two graphical models.In the last part of this paper, a conclusion of the models is made to give better view of it

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL GRAPH AND CONCEPT MAP

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to compare two types of graphical models that are widely being used nowadays. The models are called conceptual graph and concept map. Although the names of these models are similar, however, the characteristics of each model are different. A number of 18 papers are compared and important elements for these models are discussed in these papers. This paper is divided into eight sub-topics. The output of this paper is the comparison of characteristics and usage of these two graphical models. In the last part of this paper, a conclusion of the models is made to give better view of it

Um Modelo para a visualização de conhecimento baseado em imagens semânticas

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do ConhecimentoOs avanços no processamento e gerenciamento eletrônico de documentos têm gerado um acúmulo grande de conhecimento que tem excedido o que os usuários comuns podem perceber. Uma quantidade considerável de conhecimento encontra-se explicitado em diversos documentos armazenados em repositórios digitais. Em muitos casos, a possibilidade de acessar de forma eficiente e reutilizar este conhecimento é limitada. Como resultado disto, a maioria do conhecimento não é suficientemente explorado nem compartilhado, e conseqüentemente é esquecido em um tempo relativamente curto. As tecnologias emergentes de visualização e o sistema perceptual humano podem ser explorados para melhorar o acesso a grandes espaços de informação facilitando a detecção de padrões. Por outro lado, o uso de elementos visuais que contenham representações do mundo real que a priori são conhecidos pelo grupo-alvo e que fazem parte da sua visão de mundo, permite que o conhecimento apresentado por meio destas representações possa facilmente ser relacionados com o conhecimento prévio dos indivíduos, facilitando assim a aprendizagem. Apesar das representações visuais terem sido usadas como suporte para a disseminação do conhecimento, não têm sido propostos modelos que integrem os métodos e técnicas da engenharia do conhecimento com o uso das imagens como meio para recuperar e visualizar conhecimento. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo que visa facilitar a visualização do conhecimento armazenado em repositórios digitais usando imagens semânticas. O usuário, através das imagens semânticas, pode recuperar e visualizar o conhecimento relacionado às entidades representadas nas regiões das imagens. As imagens semânticas são representações visuais do mundo real as quais são conhecidas previamente pelo grupo alvo e possuem mecanismos que permitem identificar os conceitos do domínio representados em cada região. O modelo proposto apóia-se no framework para visualização do conhecimento proposto por Burkhard e descreve as interações dos usuários com as imagens. Um protótipo foi desenvolvido para demonstrar a viabilidade do modelo usando imagens no domínio da anatomia, a Foundational Model of Anatomy e a Unified Medical Language System como conhecimento do domínio e o banco de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online como repositório de documento.Advances in processing and electronic document management have generated a great accumulation of knowledge that is beyond what ordinary users can understand. A considerable amount of knowledge is explained in various documents stored in digital repositories. In many cases, the ability to eficiently access and reuse this knowledge is limited. As a result, most knowledge is not exploited or shared, and therefore it is forgotten in a relatively short time. The emerging technologies of visualization and the human perceptual system can be exploited to improve access to large information spaces facilitating the patterns detection. Moreover, the use of visual elements that contain representations of the real world that are known a priori by the target group and that are part of his world view, allows that the knowledge presented by these representations can be easily related to their prior knowledge, thereby facilitating learning. Despite visual representations have been used to support knowledge dissemination, no models have been proposed to integrate knowledge engineering methods and techniques with the use of images as a medium to retrieve and display knowledge. This work presents a model that aims to facilitate the visualization of the knowledge stored in digital repositories using semantic images. Through the semantic images, the user can retrieve and visualize the knowledge related to the entities represented in the image regions. The semantic images are visual representations of the real world which are known in advance by the target group and have mechanisms to identify domain concepts represented in each region. The proposed model is based on the framework for visualization of knowledge proposed by Burkhard and describes the interactions of users with the images. A prototype was eveloped to demonstrate the feasibility of the model using archetypes in the field of anatomy, using the Foundational Model of Anatomy and the Unifiled Medical Language System as knowledge domain and the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online as a document repository

Performance analysis for wireless G (IEEE 802.11G) and wireless N (IEEE 802.11N) in outdoor environment

This paper described an analysis the different capabilities and limitation of both IEEE technologies that has been utilized for data transmission directed to mobile device. In this work, we have compared an IEEE 802.11/g/n outdoor environment to know what technology is better. The comparison consider on coverage area (mobility), throughput and measuring the interferences. The work presented here is to help the researchers to select the best technology depending of their deploying case, and investigate the best variant for outdoor. The tool used is Iperf software which is to measure the data transmission performance of IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11g

Performance Analysis For Wireless G (IEEE 802.11 G) And Wireless N (IEEE 802.11 N) In Outdoor Environment

This paper described an analysis the different capabilities and limitation of both IEEE technologies that has been utilized for data transmission directed to mobile device. In this work, we have compared an IEEE 802.11/g/n outdoor environment to know what technology is better. the comparison consider on coverage area (mobility), through put and measuring the interferences. The work presented here is to help the researchers to select the best technology depending of their deploying case, and investigate the best variant for outdoor. The tool used is Iperf software which is to measure the data transmission performance of IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11g