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Understanding innovators' experiences of barriers and facilitators in implementation and diffusion of healthcare service innovations: A qualitative study
This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund - Copyright @ 2011 Barnett et al.Background: Healthcare service innovations are considered to play a pivotal role in improving organisational efficiency and responding effectively to healthcare needs. Nevertheless, healthcare organisations encounter major difficulties in sustaining and diffusing innovations, especially those which concern the organisation and delivery of healthcare services. The purpose of the present study was to explore how healthcare innovators of process-based initiatives perceived and made sense of factors that either facilitated or obstructed the innovation implementation and diffusion. Methods: A qualitative study was designed. Fifteen primary and secondary healthcare organisations in the UK, which had received health service awards for successfully generating and implementing service innovations, were studied. In-depth, semi structured interviews were conducted with the organisational representatives who conceived and led the development process. The data were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Four main themes were identified in the analysis of the data: the role of evidence, the function of inter-organisational partnerships, the influence of human-based resources, and the impact of contextual factors. "Hard" evidence operated as a proof of effectiveness, a means of dissemination and a pre-requisite for the initiation of innovation. Inter-organisational partnerships and people-based resources, such as champions, were considered an integral part of the process of developing, establishing and diffusing the innovations. Finally, contextual influences, both intra-organisational and extra-organisational were seen as critical in either impeding or facilitating innovators' efforts. Conclusions: A range of factors of different combinations and co-occurrence were pointed out by the innovators as they were reflecting on their experiences of implementing, stabilising and diffusing novel service initiatives. Even though the innovations studied were of various contents and originated from diverse organisational contexts, innovators' accounts converged to the significant role of the evidential base of success, the inter-personal and inter-organisational networks, and the inner and outer context. The innovators, operating themselves as important champions and being often willing to lead constructive efforts of implementation to different contexts, can contribute to the promulgation and spread of the novelties significantly.This research was supported financially by the Multidisciplinary Assessment of
Technology Centre for Healthcare (MATCH)
Information and Communication Technology Based Innovations for Aging Healthcare: A Literature Review
Information Transfer and Communication in Surgical Care
Effective Information transfer and Communication is one of the key aspects of good
medical practice and essential for surgical safety. High reliability organisations such
as aviation have highlighted the importance of communication for safety and
regularly provide communication skills training to their team members via Crew
resource management (CRM) module. This report discusses important aspects of
communication research in high-risk environments and confers its application in
surgery. It analyses the nature and scope of communication failures in surgical field.
The thesis has taken bottom-up approach unlike other research in this field, which has
taken a top-down approach. First we have mapped and analysed the communication
failures across the entire surgical pathway. Analysis of full pathway is critical as
communication failures are not discrete events; information loss in one phase of care
can potentially compromise safety in a subsequent phase. After the analysis, user-centred
interventions were developed and implemented to enhance the information
transfer and communication in the postoperative handover phase. Results show that
information transfer and communication failures are ubiquitous and distributed across
the continuum of surgical care. These findings indicate that there is a room for
improvement for enhancing ITC in surgical care. There is an imminent need for
standardizing and structuring communication through use of checklists, proformas,
care pathways and information technology. Subsequently we have demonstrated that
standardization of ITC process through the implementation of postoperative handover
proforma has improved the information transfer and decreased the ITC errors. It is
hoped that this thesis provides a first step towards understanding, assessing and
improving information transfer and communication through entire surgical care
pathway, which in a long run will improve surgical safety
Can the Application of the Visual Programme Tool Dynamo Assist in Streamlining Current COBie Requirements for Design Professionals
information exchange (COBie) is still a misunderstood and miscommunicated topic. Despite the free distribution of supporting information, many errors remain in its practical application. This study explores strengthening COBie design practices, reducing computational expense by data automation and streamlining the workflow process without the need for designer’s total immersion into COBie theory. Synergies between Autodesk Revit and Dynamo BIM were the chosen software utilised to achieve such a goal. A literature review is first employed to provide a current overview from academic and industry sources, with the principles of design science the chosen methodology in the development, implementation and evaluation of a solution orientated research strategy. Data was gathered via questionnaires from eight Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) engineering firms in Ireland who currently have a demand for COBie design deliverables. This paper reports a general lack of awareness for the open source COBie Testing software tool and a misconception as to exact COBie for Design deliverables. Results indicate considerable time saving across separate projects for six COBie parameters identified for streamlining due to inefficient workflows. Testing COBie data was fully verified in accordance with the international standard NBIMS v3 using the COBie Quality Control Reporter, making it compliant for Facilities Management software use
ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks: a literature review
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation is a complex and vibrant process, one that involves a combination of technological and organizational interactions. Often an ERP implementation project is the single largest IT project that an organization has ever launched and requires a mutual fit of system and organization. Also the concept of an ERP implementation supporting business processes across many different departments is not a generic, rigid and uniform concept and depends on variety of factors. As a result, the issues addressing the ERP implementation process have been one of the major concerns in industry. Therefore ERP implementation receives attention from practitioners and scholars and both, business as well as academic literature is abundant and not always very conclusive or coherent. However, research on ERP systems so far has been mainly focused on diffusion, use and impact issues. Less attention has been given to the methods used during the configuration and the implementation of ERP systems, even though they are commonly used in practice, they still remain largely unexplored and undocumented in Information Systems research. So, the academic relevance of this research is the contribution to the existing body of scientific knowledge. An annotated brief literature review is done in order to evaluate the current state of the existing academic literature. The purpose is to present a systematic overview of relevant ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks as a desire for achieving a better taxonomy of ERP implementation methodologies. This paper is useful to researchers who are interested in ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks. Results will serve as an input for a classification of the existing ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks. Also, this paper aims also at the professional ERP community involved in the process of ERP implementation by promoting a better understanding of ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks, its variety and history
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Implementing section 404 of the sarbanes oxley act: Recommendations for information systems organizations
Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Act addresses the effectiveness of internal controls,
which in most organizations are either fully or partially automated due to the pervasiveness
and ubiquity of information technologies. Significant or material control deficiencies have to be
reported publicly. The adverse impact on organizations declaring deficiencies can be severe, for
example, damage to reputation and/or market value. While there are many practitioner-led manuals
and methods for dealing with 404, there has been little published in the academic research
literature investigating the role of Information Systems organizations in implementing Section
404. The paper addresses this gap in knowledge. We used institutional theory as the lens through
which to examine the experiences of Section 404 implementation in three global organizations.
We used the case study method and an abductive strategy to gather and analyze data respectively.
Our findings are summarized in six recommendations. We found that institutional pressures play
a critical role in the implementation of Section 404. In particular, organizations face coercive
pressure to achieve Section 404 compliance, without which punitive sanctions can be imposed by
regulators. Organizations tend to imitate one another in the methods they use so that each is perceived
to be in line with their competitive environment. Organizations face normative pressures to
act in ways that are socially acceptable, which is to achieve compliance. Failure to do so would
be a signal to the market that the organization does not take controls seriously. We expand these
findings in terms of power and influence tactics that IS organizations can use when implementing
Section 404. Our findings provide directions for practice and lines of enquiry for further research
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