Relationship between product based loyalty and clustering based on supermarket visit and spending patterns

Loyalty of customers to a supermarket can be measured in a variety of ways. If a customer tends to buy from certain categories of products, it is likely that the customer is loyal to the supermarket. Another indication of loyalty is based on the tendency of customers to visit the supermarket over a number of weeks. Regular visitors and spenders are more likely to be loyal to the supermarket. Neither one of these two criteria can provide a complete picture of customers’ loyalty. The decision regarding the loyalty of a customer will have to take into account the visiting pattern as well as the categories of products purchased. This paper describes results of experiments that attempted to identify customer loyalty using thes e two sets of criteria separately. The experiments were based on transactional data obtained from a supermarket data collection program. Comparisons of results from these parallel sets of experiments were useful in fine tuning both the schemes of estimating the degree of loyalty of a customer. The project also provides useful insights for the development of more sophisticated measures for studying customer loyalty. It is hoped that the understanding of loyal customers will be helpful in identifying better marketing strategies

Isiksuseomaduste ja sotsiaaldemograafiliste näitajate roll klientide lojaalsuses mittealkohoolsete karastusjookide tarbimise näitel Eestis

New forms of urban segregation and exclusion have emerged in the contemporary globalised world. Processes of globalisation, especially those cloaked as free international trade and state withdrawal from economics, have led to increasing inequalities between and within cities. In response, the state, private sector and civil society in many countries have taken a stance and formulated their responses to urban segregation under the banner of 'urban governance'. Current manifestations of and evolving debates surrounding contemporary urban segregation will be discussed and then the focus will shift to exploring ideas about countering the trend in various countries around the globe; these include mixing strategies, escapist strategies and strategies that aim to legalise the 'informal'. This provides the rationale for this Special Issue, which includes contributions from all around the globe. © 2008 Urban Studies Journal Limited

Modeling and evaluation of knowledge discovery in wholesale and retail industry

x, 168 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-168).This thesis demonstrates an enterprise-wide Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process CRISP for wholesale and retail industry, which can facilitate business decision-making processes and improve corporate profits. While part of the KDD process described here is well documented, the modeling and evaluations used in the commercial products is not reported in literature. Hence, the focus of this thesis is on the development and evaluation of models used in the knowledge discovery. Description of the underlying models will help the decision makers better understand the quality and limitations of the KDD process. The usefulness of KDD process CRISP is illustrated for two companies, i.e. a multinational retailer and a small chain of specialty grocery stores. The detailed steps highlight business understanding, data exploration, data preparation. data modeling, results evaluation, and interpretation. The methodologies applied in this thesis include prediction, clustering and association to discover knowledge about products/suppliers, consumers, and business units