Relationship between Externalized Knowledge and Evaluation in the Process of Creating Strategic Scenarios

Social systems are changing so rapidly that it is important for humans to make decisions considering uncertainty. A scenario is information about the series of events/actions, which supports decision makers to take actions and reduce risks. We propose Action Planning for refining simple ideas into practical scenarios (strategic scenarios). Frameworks and items on Action Planning Sheets provide participants with organized constraints, to lead to creative and logical thinking for solving real issues in businesses or daily life. Communication among participants who have preset roles leads the externalization of knowledge. In this study, we set three criteria for evaluating strategic scenarios; novelty, utility, and feasibility, and examine the relationship between externalized knowledge and the evaluation values, in order to consider factors which affect the evaluations. Regarding a word contained in roles and scenarios as the smallest unit of knowledge, we calculate Relativeness between roles and scenarios. The results of our experiment suggest that the lower the relativeness of a strategic scenario, the higher the strategic scenario is evaluated in novelty. In addition, in the evaluation of utility, a scenario satisfying a covert requirement tends to be estimated higher. Moreover, we found the externalization of stakeholders may affect the realization of strategic scenarios

Model of Creative Thinking Process on Analysis of Handwriting by Digital Pen

In order to perceive infrequent events as hints for new ideas, it is desired to know and model the process of creating and refining ideas. In this paper, we address this modeling problem experimentally. Firstly, we focus on the relation between thinking time and writing time in handwriting. We observe two types of patterns; one group takes longer time in thinking and shorter in writing, the other takes longer in writing and shorter in thinking. The group having spends longer in writing has shorter time span from one sentence to another than the other group. Backtracking, i.e., the event that participants return back to their former sheet and modify opinions, is observed more often in the group of longer writing than the other group. In addition, participants in this backtracking group gets higher scores for their ideas on sheets than those in the no-backtracking group. We propose a model of creative thinking by applying Operations of Structure of Intellect. It is inferred that the group of longer writing conducts a series of thinking flow, including divergent thinking, convergent thinking and evaluation. In contrast, the group of longer thinking tends to conduct the two different thinking flow: divergent thinking and evaluation; convergent thinking and evaluation. For making creative ideas, we conduct divergent thinking without evaluation and created a large number of ideas. We conclude that the rotations of divergent thinking, convergent thinking and evaluation increase the frequency of "backtracking" and make the ideas more logical ones

Designing the Market of Data - For Practical Data Sharing via Educational and Innovative Communications

This special issue of Open Journal of Information Systems (OJIS) reports work on designing the market of data for practical data sharing via educational and innovative communications (MoDAT). In the market of data, data are reasonably dealt with sold, opened, or shared based on negotiation. Since last years, we have been aiming at realizing a social environment, where each person feels free to share one's own and others' data for learning the latent value of data without fearing the loss of business opportunities. In the market, data and analysts' knowledge are shared by selling and buying, with reasonably determining the conditions for sharing. People in the market may communicate with each other in order to decide to expose the data as open-source, if the trust of the data provider is expected to be elevated highly due to the contribution to people in the public. Thus the Market of Data means a place where the value of data and knowledge can be externalized. OJIS is published by RonPub (www.ronpub.com), which is an academic publisher of online, open access, peer-reviewed journals

Hot Swapping Protocol Implementations in the OPNET Modeler Development Environment

This research effort demonstrates hot swapping protocol implementations in OPNET via the building of a dependency injection testing framework. The thesis demonstrates the externalization (compiling as stand-alone code) of OPNET process models, and their inclusion into custom DLL\u27s (Dynamically Linked Libraries). A framework then utilizes these process model DLL\u27s, to specify, or “inject,” process implementations post-compile time into an OPNET simulation. Two separate applications demonstrate this mechanism. The first application is a toolkit that allows for the testing of multiple routing related protocols in various combinations without code re-compilation or scenario re-generation. The toolkit produced similar results as the same simulation generated manually with OPNET. The second application demonstrates the viability of a unit testing mechanism for the externalized process models. The unit testing mechanism was demonstrated by integrating with CxxTest and executing xUnit style test suits

Semantics for incident identification and resolution reports

In order to achieve a safe and systematic treatment of security protocols, organizations release a number of technical briefings describing how to detect and manage security incidents. A critical issue is that this document set may suffer from semantic deficiencies, mainly due to ambiguity or different granularity levels of description and analysis. An approach to face this problem is the use of semantic methodologies in order to provide better Knowledge Externalization from incident protocols management. In this article, we propose a method based on semantic techniques for both, analyzing and specifying (meta)security requirements on protocols used for solving security incidents. This would allow specialist getting better documentation on their intangible knowledge about them.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-41086-

How is Innovation fostered under different Institutional Setup: Comparing the Electronics Cluster in Shenzhen and Dongguan, China

The primary focus of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on how innovation is generated and fostered under different institutional setup. Two different institutional setups which evolve from planned economy to market economy in China during the transition, i.e. top-down and bottom-up institutions to promote industrial development, are discussed in the context of our study area, i.e. Dongguan and Shenzhen in Pearl River Delta, China. Drawing on the firm survey data collected in the electronics industry of Dongguan and Shenzhen, this paper explores the factors that foster the innovation activities respectively under these two different institutional setups. The results shows that the flexible institutions organized from bottom up targeting at attracting process trade, which is dominant in Dongguan, restricts the scope of interaction and learning related to innovation and would probably lock-in the city in low-end production activities if the existing institutional setup cannot be broken up. On the other hand, institutional setup favoring the agglomeration of knowledge-related and knowledge-intensive institutes and ex-ante strategic support organized from top down in Shenzhen economic special zone contributes to the reciprocal and systematic interaction between firms as well as knowledge institutions. Finally, policy implication is further discussed by comparing the territorial innovation system in Europe and America where innovation institutions are mature, concluding that the capacity of public and private institutions should be strengthened to form the stable systematic interaction to foster innovation in the long run.

Learning and Governance in Inter-Firm Relations

This paper connects theory of learning with theory of governance, in the context of inter-firm relations. It recognizes fundamental criticism of transaction cost economics (TCE), but preserves elements from that theory. The theory of governance used incorporates learning and trust. The paper identifies two kinds of relational risk: hold-up and spillover. For the governance of relations, i.e. the control of relational risk, it develops a box of instruments which includes trust, next to instruments derived and adapted from TCE. These instruments are geared to problems that are specific to learning in interaction between firms. They also include additional roles for go-betweens.transaction cost economics;trust;inter-organizational learning

A Window of Opportunity for GMO Regulation: Achieving Food Integrity Through Cap-and-Trade Models from Climate Policy for GMO Regulation

GMOs are the links of our centralized food system, largely dependent on international trade. GMOs are inherently unsustainable because they reduce biodiversity, harm the environment, and empower positive feedback loops between monocultures, industrial agriculture, and biodiversity depletion, thereby jeopardizing food safety, security, and sovereignty. Conglomerates of multi-national companies, in short BigAg, shape multi-lateral food trade and flood international markets with their small array and enormous volumes of crops, while controlling large aspects of agriculture and food production world-wide. Zooming in on the trans-Atlantic dispute about GE crops, this paper uses comparative law to explore how a cap-and-trade model borrowed from climate change policy might help to decentralize the current food system, thereby potentially restoring locally-oriented agriculture and food integrity. GMOs are under-regulated in the US and international trade frameworks enable the centralization of trans-Atlantic food systems, dominated by the US. This is possible because of the free trade/biotechnology policy in the US and the agricultural exceptionalism, which are, in theory, obstacles to food integrity. By comparison, the precautionary and protectionist approaches in the EU facilitate some food integrity, albeit not enough as a result of US trade pressures. The pressures could be partially lifted if there were a cap on those crops that enable the centralization of the system, namely GE crops patented and produced by US-American BigAg conglomerates. Essentially, when GE corn, soy, wheat, rice were capped in permissible trade volumes, other non-GE crops may enter the market, thereby diversifying and decentralizing food systems, encouraging local agriculture, and opening pathways where more sustainable practices could be instituted. In an effort to contextualize the herein proposed cap-and-trade upstream model regulation of GMOs borrowed from climate change policy, this paper explains the distinctions between GE and conventionally bred crops, between agriculture and food law, between the US free trade and the EU protectionism approaches (including the bedrocks of each legal framework) to trading GE crops, as well as the inherent dangers of the widespread use of GMOs in the trans-Atlantic food system. A likely conclusion of this paper will be that a cap-and-trade model, as proposed, may take decades to be passed into law, if ever, but it also highlights that the links between preserving food integrity, mitigating climate change, and maintaining open food trade are ripe for progressive and pro-active review