Исследование зон усталостного разрушения шнеков

Шнек - основной рабочий орган машин для переработки отходов - экструдеров. От качества его изготовления зависит производительность цеха и целостность корпуса машины. При переработке многокомпонентного сырья, которым является Refuse Derived Fuel - это общее название альтернативных видов топлива, получаемых при переработке отходов. В качестве сырья используется практически любой органический материал: целлюлоза, резина, пластик, кожа, дерево, пищевые заменители. В исследовании использован пример на базе работы с RDF-сырьем Мусороперерабатывающего комбината "Янино", Ленинградская область. Именно при работе с такими высокоабразивными отходами возникает необходимость многократно повышать ресурс шнеков за счет использования новых технологий обработки металлов, так как в составе данного сырья могут встречаться металлические компоненты и трудно размалываемые силикаты.Screw - the main working organ of machines for processing waste - extruders. From the quality of its production depends the productivity of the shop and the integrity of the machine body. When refining a multicomponent raw material, which is Refuse Derived Fuel - this is the general name for alternative fuels obtained from recycling. As raw material, almost any organic material is used: cellulose, rubber, plastic, leather, its substitutes. The study used an example based on work with RDF-raw materials of the Janino Refuse Processing Plant. Leningrad region. It is when working with such highly abrasive waste that it becomes necessary to increase the service life of screw augmentedly by using new processing technologies, since metal components and hard-to-break silicates can occur in the composition of this raw material

Исследование зон усталостного разрушения шнеков

Шнек - основной рабочий орган машин для переработки отходов - экструдеров. От качества его изготовления зависит производительность цеха и целостность корпуса машины. При переработке многокомпонентного сырья, которым является Refuse Derived Fuel - это общее название альтернативных видов топлива, получаемых при переработке отходов. В качестве сырья используется практически любой органический материал: целлюлоза, резина, пластик, кожа, дерево, пищевые заменители. В исследовании использован пример на базе работы с RDF-сырьем Мусороперерабатывающего комбината "Янино", Ленинградская область. Именно при работе с такими высокоабразивными отходами возникает необходимость многократно повышать ресурс шнеков за счет использования новых технологий обработки металлов, так как в составе данного сырья могут встречаться металлические компоненты и трудно размалываемые силикаты.Screw - the main working organ of machines for processing waste - extruders. From the quality of its production depends the productivity of the shop and the integrity of the machine body. When refining a multicomponent raw material, which is Refuse Derived Fuel - this is the general name for alternative fuels obtained from recycling. As raw material, almost any organic material is used: cellulose, rubber, plastic, leather, its substitutes. The study used an example based on work with RDF-raw materials of the Janino Refuse Processing Plant. Leningrad region. It is when working with such highly abrasive waste that it becomes necessary to increase the service life of screw augmentedly by using new processing technologies, since metal components and hard-to-break silicates can occur in the composition of this raw material

PRODUKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAHAN BAKAR TERBAHARUI DARI SAMPAH PERKOTAAN (REFUSE DERIVED FUEL)

ABSTRAKSebahagian besar kota di negara-negara berkembang menghadapi masalah serius dalam penanganan sampah perkotaan. Metode pengelolaan sampah perkotaan konvensional yang umum dilakukan menyebabkan dampak lingkungan, khususnya terkait dengan emisi gas rumah kaca (Green House Gas, GHG) dan lindi dari Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Di sisi lain, pemenuhan kebutuhan energi tidak sebanding dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi karena kekurangan sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi pemanfaatan sampah perkotaan sebagai sumber bahan bakar terbaharui. Bahan bakar terbaharui dari sampah perkotaan biasa disebut sebagai Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) diproduksi dengan menvariasikan kandungan sampah organik antara 0-80%, dan ukuran partikel 4, 6, 8 dan 12 mesh. Selanjutnya karakteristik RDF ditentukan berdasarkan proksimat dan ultimat analisis, serta uji nilai bakar untuk menentukan nilai kalor rendah (Low Heating Value, LHV). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa LHV tertinggi 7.016 kkal/kg diperoleh pada RDF dengan kandungan sampah organik sebesar 0% dan ukuran partikel sebesar 6 mesh. Dari data juga menunjukkan bahwa RDF dapat digunakan untuk mensubtitusi sebagian batubara dalam proses pembakaran utama dan kalsinasi industri semen dengan kandungan sampah organik masing-masing 60% dan 80%, dengan LHV sekitar 5.137 dan 4.542 kkal/kg.Kata kunci: sampah perkotaan, emisi gas rumah kaca, bahan bakar terbaharui, refuse derived fuel, negara-negara berkembang, Indonesia

PENENTUAN NILAI KALOR HIGH HEATING VALUE (HHV) DAN LOW HEATING VALUE (LHV) DARI MATERIAL SAMPAH COMBUSTIBLE ZONA AKTIF II TPA JATIBARANG SEMARANG

Abstrak Peningkatan jumlah penduduk berdampak pada tingginya kebutuhan energi. Sehingga, sumber daya yang tersedia juga semakin berkurang dan perlu digantikan dengan sumber energi yang baru. Konsep waste to energy (WTE) dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk mengubah sampah menjadi bahan baku RDF (refuse derived fuel). Sampah organik dan plastik sangat berpotensi dijadikan sebagai bahan baku RDF karena sifatnya yang mudah terbakar (combustible). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kedalaman dan material sampah dengan karakteristik material sampah combustible, serta menentukan nilai kalor HHV dan LHV berdasarkan kedalaman sampah dan material combustible zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang untuk melihat potensinya sebagai bahan baku RDF. Metode yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Material sampah yang digunakan pada penelitian ini bersasal dari kedalaman 0-1 m; 1-2 m; 2 dan 2-3 m. Pemanfaatan sampah menjadi bahan baku RDF dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis nilai kalor yang dihasilkan dari material sampah combustible tersebut. Nilai kalor terbagi menjadi High Heating Value (HHV) and Low Heating Value (LHV). Untuk menganalisis nilai kalor yang terdapat pada material sampah combustible pada zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian proximate, ultimate dan termokimia dengan menggunakan alat bom kalorimeter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampah zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang memiliki nilai kalor yang berbeda pada setiap metode analisa yang dipengaruhi oleh oleh variasi kedalaman, jenis sampah dan ukuran partikel sampah. Pada uji proximate, nilai kalor berada di kisaran angka 1000 kkal/Kg. Pada uji ultimate nilai kalor berada pada kisaran 1.441,16 – 10.355,54 kkal/kg. Pada bom kalorimeter nilai kalor berada pada kisaran 5.000 kkal/kg. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa potensi sampah zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang untuk diolah menjadi RDF sangat besar. Kata kunci: sampah combustible, landfill, waste to energy, RDF (refused-derived fuel). Abstract The growth of population increases the amount of energy demand. However, the available resources are decreasing and it need to be replaced by a new energy resouce. The concept of waste to energy (WTE) can be an alternative to convert waste into raw RDF (refuse derived fuel) material. Especially for organic and plastic as combustible waste is very potential to be raw of RDF Materials. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between depth and material of waste and material characteristics of combustible waste, also to determine the HHV and LHV calor value according to the depth of waste and combustible material in Jatibarang landfill active zone II to see the potential as RDF raw material. Random sampling is a method that used for this research. The waste material required for this research is taken from the depth of 0-1 m; 1-2 m; 2 and 2-3 m. The utilization of waste into raw RDF materials by analyzing the heating value produced from the combustible raw material. Then the heating value devided into High Heating Value (HHV) and Low Heating Value (LHV). To analyze the heat value contained in combustible waste material in active zone II Jatibarang landfill can be done by testing proximate, ultimate and thermochemical with bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the waste of active zone II Jatibarang Landfill had different calorific values on each analysis was also influenced by the depth variation, the type of waste and the type size of the waste particles. In the proximate analysis, the calorific value is in the range of 1000 kcal / kg. In the ultimate analysis the heating value is in the range of 1.441,16 – 10.355,54 kcal / kg. In the calorimeter bomb, the heating value is in the range of 5,000 kcal / kg. This shows that active zone II Jatibarang Landfill has a great potential to be processed into RDF. Keywords: combustible waste, landfill, waste to energy, RDF (refused-derived fuel)

Working Group “Violet”. Refused-Derived Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste to reduce landfills (REFREsh DANUBE)

The REFREsh Danube project aims to reduce the landfilled amount of municipal solid waste, which is a source of water and soil pollution, by its use as refuse-derived fuel in the cement industry of Novi Sad (Serbia). The main actors involved are Lafarge Beočin Cement Factory, Municipality of Novi Sad, JPK Čistoća (waste-management company) and experts from interdisciplinary fields. The project addresses societal challenges on climate change, air, water and soil pollution as well as using the municipal solid waste as an alternative energy source in response to H2020 and Europe 2020 Strategy

The role of advanced waste-To-energy technologies in landfill mining

Publicado en: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Volume 224, Issue 1, 20 September 2017, Pages 403-409Recently, the European Parliament has decided to include a specific reference to "Enhanced Landfill Mining" (ELFM) in the Landfill Directive proposing a regulatory framework for ELFM so as to permit the retrieval of secondary raw materials that are present in existing landfill sites. Recent studies are supporting ELFM since they consider that landfill mining would be economically feasible only if combined with energy recovery (i.e., waste-To-energy, WtE) and if a wide range of materials are recovered (i.e., waste-To-materials, WtM). In this study, a combined material (landfill mining) and energy (advanced WtE) recovery is proposed where the excavated waste (MSW refuse) can be directly recycled or pretreated and used in the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for an advanced (gasification-based) WtE plant producing power and heat. Both material and energy recovery are challenging in the circular economy since contributes to a loop-closing objective in human activities. An exhaustive assessment of each particular landfill site must be carried out in order to determine the profitability of the ELFM.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2012-31598Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades CTM2016-78089-RUniversidad de Sevilla Contrato de Acceso al Sistema Español de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (VPPI-US

Co-combustion of refuse derived fuel with coal in a fluidised bed combustor

Power generation from biomass is an attractive technology which utilizes municipal solid waste-based refused derived fuel. In order to explain the behavior of biomass-fired fluidized bed incinerator, biomass sources from refuse derived fuel was co-fired with coal in a 0.15 m diameter and 2.3 m high fluidized bed combustor. The combustion efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions were studied and compared with those from pure coal combustion. This study proved that the blending effect had increased the carbon combustion efficiency up to 12% as compared to single MSW-based RDF. Carbon monoxide levels fluctuated between 200-1600 ppm were observed when coal is added. It is evident from this research that efficient co-firing of biomass with coal can be achieved with minimum modification of existing coal-fired boilers

'To hell with it': a case study examination of organisational trustworthiness, and dependent stakeholder-organisation relations in the Milaki plant

This paper investigates trust worthiness and dependent stakeholder relations with a contextualised case-study of the Milaki plant in Greece, owned and operated by a multinational concrete aggregates firm. We investigate the opinions of community stakeholders concerning operational decisions made by the case-study firm in multiple challenging contexts (e.g. the Greek economic recession). We focus on the community stakeholder with regard to trustworthiness of the firm i.e. ability, integrity and benevolence (Mayer et al., 1995). With this novel emphasis on the dependent (less powerful) stakeholder of the local community, we can make a contribution by bringing together the stakeholder literature with the literature on trust (Greenwood and Van Buren, 2010). How organisational trustworthiness unfolds in the organisation-stakeholder relationship is under-researched, especially in challenging contexts. This focus enables us to shed light upon how decisions perceived as ethically questionable by the community, and which potentially breach trust, change the dynamic of dependent-stakeholder to organisation relationship. The imp act of this change and the subsequent implications of it for the stakeholder-organisation relationship will be explored in the full paper

Energy recovery from solid waste. Volume 2: Technical report

A systems analysis of energy recovery from solid waste demonstrates the feasibility of several current processes for converting solid waste to an energy form. The social, legal, environmental, and political factors are considered in depth with recommendations made in regard to new legislation and policy. Biodegradation and thermal decomposition are the two areas of disposal that are considered with emphasis on thermal decomposition. A technical and economic evaluation of a number of available and developing energy-recovery processes is given. Based on present technical capabilities, use of prepared solid waste as a fuel supplemental to coal seems to be the most economic process by which to recover energy from solid waste. Markets are considered in detail with suggestions given for improving market conditions and for developing market stability. A decision procedure is given to aid a community in deciding on its options in dealing with solid waste, and a new pyrolysis process is suggested. An application of the methods of this study are applied to Houston, Texas

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN RURAL AREAS: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

Community/Rural/Urban Development,