248,076 research outputs found
Cooperatives for demand side management
We propose a new scheme for efficient demand side management for the Smart Grid. Specifically, we envisage and promote the formation of cooperatives of medium-large consumers and equip them (via our proposed mechanisms) with the capability of regularly participating in the existing electricity markets by providing electricity demand reduction services to the Grid. Based on mechanism design principles, we develop a model for such cooperatives by designing methods for estimating suitable reduction amounts, placing bids in the market and redistributing the obtained revenue amongst the member agents. Our mechanism is such that the member agents have no incentive to show artificial reductions with the aim of increasing their revenue
The economic costs of child maltreatment in the UK
Child maltreatment is a major public health problem with significant consequences for individual victims and for society. In this paper, we quantify for the first time the economic costs of fatal and nonfatal child maltreatment in the UK in relation to several short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes ranging from physical and mental health problems to labor market outcomes and welfare use. We combine novel regression analysis of rich data from the National Child Development Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Aging with secondary evidence to produce an incidence-based estimate of the lifetime costs of child maltreatment from a societal perspective. The discounted average lifetime incidence cost of nonfatal child maltreatment by a primary caregiver is estimated at £89,390 (95% uncertainty interval £44,896 to £145,508); the largest contributors to this are costs from social care, short-term health, and long-term labor market outcomes. The discounted lifetime cost per death from child maltreatment is estimated at £940,758, comprising health care and lost productivity costs. Our estimates provide the first comprehensive benchmark to quantify the costs of child maltreatment in the UK and the benefits of interventions aimed at reducing or preventing it
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Qualification includes all activities to demonstrate that a product meets and exceeds the reliability goals. Manufacturers need to spend time and resources for the qualification processes under the pressure of reducing time to market, as well as offering a competitive price. Failure to qualify a product could result in economic loss such as warranty and recall claims and the manufacturer could lose the reputation in the market. In order to provide valid and reliable qualification results, manufacturers are required to make extra effort based on the operational and environmental characteristics of the product. This paper discusses optimal interval censoring design for reliability prediction of electronic packages under limited time and resources. This design should provide more accurate assessment of package capability and thus deliver better reliability prediction.close
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Dynamic Pricing, Advanced Metering, and Demand Response in Electricity Markets
Presents an overview and analysis of the possible approaches to bringing an active demand side into electricity markets. Part of a series of research reports that examines energy issues facing California
The effect of a market factor on information flow between stocks using minimal spanning tree
We empirically investigated the effects of market factors on the information
flow created from N(N-1)/2 linkage relationships among stocks. We also examined
the possibility of employing the minimal spanning tree (MST) method, which is
capable of reducing the number of links to N-1. We determined that market
factors carry important information value regarding information flow among
stocks. Moreover, the information flow among stocks evidenced time-varying
properties according to the changes in market status. In particular, we noted
that the information flow increased dramatically during periods of market
crises. Finally, we confirmed, via the MST method, that the information flow
among stocks could be assessed effectively with the reduced linkage
relationships among all links between stocks from the perspective of the
overall market
Who downsizes for longer? A longitudinal analysis
This contribution investigates why firms keep on downsizing once they have started to do so. From a
theoretical standpoint, we develop economic and institutional explanations for explaining corporate
downsizing duration. The empirical work is carried out applying event history techniques to a sample of
manufacturing firms drawn from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies from 1994 to 2005. Although
results show support for persistence in downsizing over time, repeated personnel reductions is not a
widespread tool in managing the workforce in this country. In addition, we find certain key corporate
parameters such as profitability, temporality rate, size and employment termination costs (as well as
market demand trends) to be important determinants of the continuation of on-going downsizing
experiences. This is the first study on this issue using corporate-level data for Spain and multivariate
methods
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