1,431,046 research outputs found
Charges from Dressed Matter: Physics and Renormalisation
Gauge theories are characterised by long range interactions. Neglecting these
interactions at large times, and identifying the Lagrangian matter fields with
the asymptotic physical fields, leads to the infra-red problem. In this paper
we study the perturbative applications of a construction of physical charges in
QED, where the matter fields are combined with the associated electromagnetic
clouds. This has been formally shown, in a companion paper, to include these
asymptotic interactions. It is explicitly demonstrated that the on-shell
Green's functions and S-matrix elements describing these charged fields have,
to all orders in the coupling, the pole structure associated with particle
propagation and scattering. We show in detail that the renormalisation
procedure may be carried out straightforwardly. It is shown that standard
infra-red finite predictions of QED are not altered and it is speculated that
the good infra-red properties of our construction may open the way to the
calculation of previously uncalculable properties. Finally extensions of this
approach to QCD are briefly discussed.Comment: 34 pages, LaTeX, uses FeynMF, 17 figures, very minor wording change,
version to appear in Annals of Physic
Very Red and Extremely Red Galaxies in the Fields of z ~ 1.5 Radio-Loud Quasars
We previously identified an excess of mostly red galaxies around 31 RLQs at
z=1-2. These fields have an ERO (extremely red object, R-K>6) density 2.7 times
higher than the field. Assuming the EROs are passively evolved galaxies at the
quasar redshifts, they have characteristic luminosities of only ~L^*. We also
present new observations of four z~1.54 RLQ fields: (1) Wide-field J & Ks data
confirm an Abell richness ~2 excess within 140" of Q0835+580 but an excess only
within 50" of Q1126+101. (2) In 3 fields we present deep narrow-band redshifted
H-alpha observations. We detect five candidate galaxies at the quasar
redshifts, a surface density 2.5x higher than the field. (3) SCUBA sub-mm
observations of 3 fields detect 2 quasars and 2 galaxies with SEDs best fit as
highly reddened galaxies at the quasar z. (4) H-band adaptive optics (AO)
imaging is used to estimate redshifts for 2 red, bulge-dominated galaxies using
the Kormendy relation. Both have structural redshifts foreground to the quasar,
but these are not confirmed by photometric redshifts, possibly because their
optical photometry is corrupted by scattered light from the AO guidestar. (5)
We use quantitative SED fits to constrain the photometric redshifts z_ph for
some galaxies. Most galaxies near Q0835+580 are consistent with being at its
redshift, including a candidate very old passively evolving galaxy. Many very &
extremely red objects have z_ph z_q, and dust reddening is required to fit most
of them, including many objects whose fits also require relatively old stellar
populations. Large reddenings of E(B-V)~0.6 are required to fit four J-K
selected EROs, though all but one of them have best-fit z_ph>z_q. These objects
may represent a population of dusty high-z galaxies underrepresented in
optically selected samples. (Abridged)Comment: Missing object 1126.424 added to Table 4; title changed to save
people the apparent trouble of reading the abstract. 38 pages, 16 figures, 2
in color; all-PostScript figure version available from
http://astro.princeton.edu/~pathall/tp3.ps.g
Extremely Red Objects in Two Quasar Fields at z ~ 1.5
We present an investigation of the properties and environments of bright
extremely red objects (EROs) found in the fields of the quasars TXS 0145+386
and 4C 15.55, both at z ~ 1.4. There is marginal evidence from Chandra ACIS
imaging for hot cluster gas with a luminosity of a few 10^44 ergs/s in the
field of 4C 15.55. The TXS 0145+386 field has an upper limit at a similar
value, but it also clearly shows an overdensity of faint galaxies. None of the
EROs are detected as X-ray sources. For two of the EROs that have
spectral-energy distributions and rest-frame near-UV spectra that show that
they are strongly dominated by old stellar populations, we determine
radial-surface-brightness profiles from adaptive-optics images. Both of these
galaxies are best fit by profiles close to exponentials, plus a compact nucleus
comprising ~30% of the total light in one case and 8% in the other. Neither is
well fit by an r^1/4-law profile. This apparent evidence for the formation of
massive ~2 X 10^11 disks of old stars in the early universe indicates that at
least some galaxies formed essentially monolithically, with high star-formation
rates sustained over a few 10^8 years, and without the aid of major mergers.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, accepted to Ap
Modelling the Galactic Bar Using Red Clump Giants
The color-magnitude diagrams of stars obtained for 12
fields across the Galactic bulge with the OGLE project reveal a well-defined
population of bulge red clump giants. We find that the distributions of the
apparent magnitudes of the red clump stars are systematically fainter when
moving towards lower galactic fields. The most plausible explanation of
this distinct trend is that the Galactic bulge is a bar, whose nearest end lies
at positive galactic longitude. We model this Galactic bar by fitting for all
fields the observed luminosity functions in the red clump region of the
color-magnitude diagram. We find that almost regardless of the analytical
function used to describe the 3-D stars distribution of the Galactic bar, the
resulting models have the major axis inclined to the line of sight by
, with axis ratios corresponding to . This
puts a strong constraint on the possible range of the Galactic bar models.
Gravitational microlensing can provide us with additional constrains on the
structure of the Galactic bar.Comment: submitted to the New Astronomy, 27 pages, 11 figures; also available
at ftp://www.astro.princeton.edu/stanek/Barmodel and through WWW at
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~library/prep.htm
Cb-TRAM: Tracking and monitoring severe convection from onset over rapid development to mature phase using multi-channel Meteosat-8 SEVIRI data
Cb-TRAM is a new fully automated tracking and nowcasting algorithm. Intense convective
cells are detected, tracked and discriminated with respect to onset, rapid development,
and mature phase. Finally, short range forecasts are provided. The detection is
based on Meteosat-8 SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager) data
from the broad band high resolution visible, infra-red 6.2 micrometer (water vapour),
and the infra-red 10.8 micrometer channels. Areas of convection initiation, of rapid
vertical development, and mature thunderstorm cells (cumulonimbus Cb) are identified.
For the latter, tropopause temperature data from ECMWF operational model
analyses is utilised as an adaptive detection criterion. The tracking is based on geographical
overlap between current detections and first guess patterns of cells detected
in preceeding time steps. The first guess patterns as well as the short range forecasts
are obtained with the aid of a new image matching algorithm providing complete fields
of approximate differential cloud motion. Based on the so called pyramid matcher an
interpolation and extrapolation technique is presented which can also be used to generate
synthetic intermediate data fields between two known fields as well as nowcasts
of motion and development of detected areas. Examples of application are presented
for thunderstorm tracks over the Mediterranean
Group velocity study in hot Rb vapor with buffer gas
We study the behavior of the group velocity of light under conditions of
electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened medium.
Specifically, we show how the group delay (or group velocity) of probe and
generated Stokes fields depends on the one-photon detuning of drive and probe
fields. We find that for atoms in a buffer gas the group velocity decreases
with positive one-photon detuning of the drive fields, and increases when the
fields are red detuned. This dependence is counter-intuitive to what would be
expected if the one-photon detuning resulted in an interaction of the light
with the resonant velocity subgroup.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
The Subillimeter Properties of Extremely Red Objects in the CUDSS Fields
We discuss the submillimeter properties of Extremely Red Objects (EROs) in
the two Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey (CUDSS) Fields. We measure the mean
submillimeter flux of the ERO population (to K < 20.7) and find 0.4 +/- 0.07
mJy for EROs selected by (I-K) > 4.0 and 0.56 +/- 0.09 mJy for EROs selected by
(R-K) > 5.3 but, these measurements are dominated by discrete, bright
submillimeter sources. We estimate that EROs produce 7-11% of the far-infrared
background at 850um. This is substantially less than a previous measurement by
Wehner, Barger & Kneib (2002) and we discuss possible reasons for this
discrepancy. We show that ERO counterparts to bright submillimeter sources lie
within the starburst region of the near-infrared color-color plot of Pozzetti &
Mannucci (2000). Finally, we claim that pairs or small groups of EROs with
separations of < 10 arcseconds often mark regions of strong submillimeter flux.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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