638 research outputs found
The selection, appraisal and retention of digital scientific data: dighlights of an ERPANET/CODATA workshop
CODATA and ERPANET collaborated to convene an international archiving workshop on the selection, appraisal, and retention of digital scientific data, which was held on 15-17 December 2003 at the Biblioteca Nacional in Lisbon, Portugal. The workshop brought together more than 65 researchers, data and information managers, archivists, and librarians from 13 countries to discuss the issues involved in making critical decisions regarding the long-term preservation of the scientific record. One of the major aims for this workshop was to provide an international forum to exchange information about data archiving policies and practices across different scientific, institutional, and national contexts. Highlights from the workshop discussions are presented
State of the art in the determination of the fine structure constant and the ratio
The fine structure constant and the ratio between
the Planck constant and the unified atomic mass are keystone constants for the
determination of other fundamental physical constants, especially the ones
involved in the framework of the future International System of units. This
paper presents how these two constants, which can be deduced from one another,
are measured. We will present in detail the measurement of
performed by atomic interferometry at the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel in Paris.
This type of measurement also allows a test of the standard model to be carried
out with unparalleled accuracy.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.339
The proton radius puzzle
High-precision measurements of the proton radius from laser spectroscopy of
muonic hydrogen demonstrated up to six standard deviations smaller values than
obtained from electron-proton scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy. The status
of this discrepancy, which is known as the proton radius puzzle will be
discussed in this paper, complemented with the new insights obtained from
spectroscopy of muonic deuterium.Comment: Moriond 2017 conference, 8 pages, 4 figure
From coinductive proofs to exact real arithmetic: theory and applications
Based on a new coinductive characterization of continuous functions we
extract certified programs for exact real number computation from constructive
proofs. The extracted programs construct and combine exact real number
algorithms with respect to the binary signed digit representation of real
numbers. The data type corresponding to the coinductive definition of
continuous functions consists of finitely branching non-wellfounded trees
describing when the algorithm writes and reads digits. We discuss several
examples including the extraction of programs for polynomials up to degree two
and the definite integral of continuous maps
Muonic hydrogen and the proton radius puzzle
The extremely precise extraction of the proton radius by Pohl et al. from the
measured energy difference between the 2P and 2S states of muonic hydrogen
disagrees significantly with that extracted from electronic hydrogen or elastic
electron-proton scattering. This is the proton radius puzzle. The origins of
the puzzle and the reasons for believing it to be very significant are
explained. Various possible solutions of the puzzle are identified, and future
work needed to resolve the puzzle is discussed.Comment: Minor modifications, some references added, to appear in Annu. Rev.
Nucl. Part. Sci. Vol 63 (2013). 60 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Compiling With Classical Connectives
The study of polarity in computation has revealed that an "ideal" programming
language combines both call-by-value and call-by-name evaluation; the two
calling conventions are each ideal for half the types in a programming
language. But this binary choice leaves out call-by-need which is used in
practice to implement lazy-by-default languages like Haskell. We show how the
notion of polarity can be extended beyond the value/name dichotomy to include
call-by-need by adding a mechanism for sharing which is enough to compile a
Haskell-like functional language with user-defined types. The key to capturing
sharing in this mixed-evaluation setting is to generalize the usual notion of
polarity "shifts:" rather than just two shifts (between positive and negative)
we have a family of four dual shifts.
We expand on this idea of logical duality -- "and" is dual to "or;" proof is
dual to refutation -- for the purpose of compiling a variety of types. Based on
a general notion of data and codata, we show how classical connectives can be
used to encode a wide range of built-in and user-defined types. In contrast
with an intuitionistic logic corresponding to pure functional programming,
these classical connectives bring more of the pleasant symmetries of classical
logic to the computationally-relevant, constructive setting. In particular, an
involutive pair of negations bridges the gulf between the wide-spread notions
of parametric polymorphism and abstract data types in programming languages. To
complete the study of duality in compilation, we also consider the dual to
call-by-need evaluation, which shares the computation within the control flow
of a program instead of computation within the information flow
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