How Should Happiness Guide Policy? Why Gross National Happiness is not opposed to Democracy

Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a political program carries with it the ambition to make a difference to real policy decisions. Whatever the precise understanding of GNH, it was al-ways intended to be more than a purely theoretical concept and to make a direct difference to policy making and, what is more, to actual development paths. Yet, whatever policy recom

Exploring glacial–interglacial variations of the marine carbon isotope record with RECOM-ciso

We explore the impact of glacial–interglacial climate variations on the marine carbon-isotope record by means of the sophisticated marine biogeochemistry model RECOM. Different to most other marine carbon cycle models, RECOM does not rely on fixed Redfield ratios for organic soft tissue. Instead, the ratios of C:N and C:Chl in phytoplankton are calculated as a response to light, temperature and nutrient supply, which allows for assessing potential shifts in marine autotroph stochiometry. Our sensitivity studies feature a recently developed model version equipped with carbon isotopes (RECOM-ciso) forced with model output from fully coupled climate simulations

What do identifiers in HL7 identify? An essay in the ontology of identity

Health Level 7 (HL7) is an organization seeking to provide universal standards for the exchange of healthcare information. In a document entitled ‘HL7 Version 3 Standard: Data Types’, the HL7 organization advances descriptions of data types recom- mended for use as identifiers. We will argue that the descriptions supplied provide insufficient guidance as to what exactly the entities are which these data types uniquely identify. Are they real things, such as persons or pieces of equipment? Or are they representations of such real things in information artifacts? We here outline the problems faced by HL7 in providing answers to such questions, problems which arise because of the lack of anything like a coherent ontology in the HL7 standard, and we make some recommendations for future improvements

Estimating Oceanic Export Production based on 3D coupled physical-biogeochemical modelling

The study addresses various aspects of model-based estimating the oceanic primary production. In particular, we consider existent interpretations of the export fluxes; influence of implied conversions between modelled chlorophyll and biomass, expressed in nitrogen and/or carbon units, and, therefore, impact of decoupling the biogeochemical (N, C) cycles and chlorophyll. The export production is estimated by simulating global ocean biolgeochemical dynamics with the CN regulated model (REcoM) developed by Schartau et al. (2007) and coupled with the MITgcm. The model describes carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes between components of the ocean ecosystem. The nitrogen and carbon cycles as well as phytoplankton chlorophyll (Chl) dynamics are decoupled in accordance with the dynamic regulatory phytoplanktonic acclimation model sugested by Geider et al. (1998). Sensitivity of the primary production estimates to biological model parameters is also discussed

A fast edge charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

In this work, a new type of high through-put Czerny-Turner spectrometer has been developed which allows us to acquire multiple channels simultaneously with a repetition time on the order of 10 μ s at different wavelengths. The spectrometer has been coupled to the edge charge exchange recom- bination system at ASDEX Upgrade which has been recently refurbished with new lines of sight. Construction features, calibration methods, and initial measurements obtained with the new setup will be presented.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

A study of glacial–interglacial variations of the marine stable carbon isotope record using a non-Redfield biogeochemical model

We investigate glacial–interglacial variations in the marine stable carbon-isotope record applying the marine ecosystem and biogeochemistry model RECOM, which is forced with model output from fully coupled climate simulations. Different to most other marine biogeochemistry models, RECOM does not rely on fixed stoichiomet- ric ratios of phytoplankton organic matter. Instead, the composition of phytoplankton organic matter is calculated as a response to light, temperature and nutrient supply, which allows for assessing potential stoichiometric shifts between the past and present. We consider carbon-isotopic fractionation of marine phytoplankton during photosynthesis, studying different biogenic fractionation parametrisations and their influence on model–data comparisons for the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene

An ML Editor based on Proofs-as-Programs

. C Y NTHIA is a novel editor for the functional programming language ML in which each function definition is represented as the proof of a simple specification. Users of C Y NTHIA edit programs by applying sequences of high-level editing commands to existing programs. These commands make changes to the proof representation from which a new program is then extracted. The use of proofs is a sound framework for analysing ML programs and giving useful feedback about errors. Amongst the properties analysed within C Y NTHIA at present is termination. C Y NTHIA has been successfully used in the teaching of ML in two courses at Napier University. 1 Introduction Current programming environments for novice functional programming (FP) are inadequate. This paper describes ways of using mechanised theorem proving to improve the situation, in the context of the language ML [9]. ML is a stronglytyped FP language with type inference [4]. ML incorporates extensive use of pattern match..

Context-aware LDA: Balancing Relevance and Diversity in TV Content Recommenders

In the vast and expanding ocean of digital content, users are hardly satisfied with recommended programs solely based on static user patterns and common statistics. Therefore, there is growing interest in recommendation approaches that aim to provide a certain level of diversity, besides precision and ranking. Context-awareness, which is an effective way to express dynamics and adaptivity, is widely used in recom-mender systems to set a proper balance between ranking and diversity. In light of these observations, we introduce a recommender with a context-aware probabilistic graphi-cal model and apply it to a campus-wide TV content de-livery system named “Vision”. Within this recommender, selection criteria of candidate fields and contextual factors are designed and users’ dependencies on their personal pref-erence or the aforementioned contextual influences can be distinguished. Most importantly, as to the role of balanc-ing relevance and diversity, final experiment results prove that context-aware LDA can evidently outperform other al-gorithms on both metrics. Thus this scalable model can be flexibly used for different recommendation purposes

morph-LDP: an R2RML-based Linked Data Platform implementation

The W3C Linked Data Platform (LDP) candidate recom- mendation defines a standard HTTP-based protocol for read/write Linked Data. The W3C R2RML recommendation defines a language to map re- lational databases (RDBs) and RDF. This paper presents morph-LDP, a novel system that combines these two W3C standardization initiatives to expose relational data as read/write Linked Data for LDP-aware ap- plications, whilst allowing legacy applications to continue using their relational databases