ORDENAMIENTO DE N aMEROS DIFUSOS USANDO CENTROIDES: ASPECTOS PR\uc1CTICOS

Este art\uedculo corresponde a la segunda parte de un estudio donde se explora el ordenamiento de n\ufameros difusos con miras a su uso en consultas a bases de datos. En la primera parte: se present\uf3 una nueva propuesta que compara dos n\ufameros difusos usando la abscisa del centroide; y se demostr\uf3 que es una relaci\uf3n orden total. En esta segunda parte: se abordan casos de estudio que comprenden una vasta diversidad de posibles situaciones de comparaci\uf3n de n\ufameros difusos con distintas representaciones; se presenta una implementaci\uf3n en Haskell del m\ue9todo propuesto; y se pone en evidencia su adecuaci\uf3n a la intuici\uf3n humana. Palabras claves: n\ufameros difusos, ordenamiento, centroide, bases de datos, Haskell. ABSTRACT This paper corresponds to the second part of the study exploring the ordering of fuzzy numbers with the purpose of supporting the database queries configuration. In the first part: a new proposal was presented comparing two fuzzy numbers using the centroid abscissa; and it was shown to be a total order relation. In this second part: study cases are addressed that include a vast diversity of possible situations for comparison fuzzy numbers with different representations; a Haskell implementation of the proposed method is presented; and thus, we demonstrate its adaptation to human intuition. Keywords: fuzzy numbers, ordering, centroid, databases, Haskell. <br

ORDENAMIENTO DE N aMEROS DIFUSOS USANDO CENTROIDES: ASPECTOS TE 3RICOS

En el presente trabajo se exploran diferentes m\ue9todos de ordenamiento que se han propuesto para los n\ufameros difusos. Adem\ue1s, se presenta una propuesta basada en la abscisa del centroide de cada n\ufamero difuso. Se compara el ordenamiento propuesto con otro que tambi\ue9n usa el c\ue1lculo del centroide mostrando las mejoras obtenidas. Este ordenamiento satisface, en la mayor\ueda de los casos, la intuici\uf3n por lo que es \ufatil para consultas en bases de datos. Palabras clave: n\ufameros difusos, ordenamiento, centroide, bases de datos, intuici\uf3n. ABSTRACT In this work some ordering methods proposed for fuzzy numbers are explored. Furthermore, a proposal based on the abscissa of the centroid of each fuzzy number is presented. The proposed method is compared with another one that also uses the centroid calculation method, showing its improvements. This ordering method satisfies intuition in most cases, making it useful for database queries. Keywords: fuzzy numbers, ordering, centroid, databases, intuition. <br

Ordenamiento de números difusos usando centroides: Aspectos prácticos

This paper corresponds to the second part of the study exploring the ordering of fuzzy numbers with the purpose of supporting the database queries configuration. In the first part: a new proposal was presented comparing two fuzzy numbers using the centroid abscissa; and it was shown to be a total order relation. &nbsp;In this second part: study cases are addressed that include a vast diversity of possible situations for comparison fuzzy numbers with different representations; a Haskell implementation of the proposed method is presented; and thus, we demonstrate its adaptation to human intuition.Este artículo corresponde a la segunda parte de un estudio donde se explora el ordenamiento de números difusos con miras a su uso en consultas a bases de datos. En la primera parte: se presentó una nueva propuesta que compara dos números difusos usando la abscisa del centroide; y se demostró que es una relación orden total. En esta segunda parte: se abordan casos de estudio que comprenden una vasta diversidad de posibles situaciones de comparación de números difusos con distintas representaciones; se presenta una implementación en Haskell del método propuesto; y se pone en evidencia su adecuación a la intuición humana

Ranking Fuzzy Numbers with a Distance Method using Circumcenter of Centroids and an Index of Modality

Ranking fuzzy numbers are an important aspect of decision making in a fuzzy environment. Since their inception in 1965, many authors have proposed different methods for ranking fuzzy numbers. However, there is no method which gives a satisfactory result to all situations. Most of the methods proposed so far are nondiscriminating and counterintuitive. This paper proposes a new method for ranking fuzzy numbers based on the Circumcenter of Centroids and uses an index of optimism to reflect the decision maker's optimistic attitude and also an index of modality that represents the neutrality of the decision maker. This method ranks various types of fuzzy numbers which include normal, generalized trapezoidal, and triangular fuzzy numbers along with crisp numbers with the particularity that crisp numbers are to be considered particular cases of fuzzy numbers

Studies on Risk and Occupational Health Hazards in Industrial Context: Some Case Research

This work articulates few case empirical studies on some aspects of risk management and occupational health hazards in the context of Indian Industries. Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience. The study focuses on five important domains investigating (i) the interrelationships among critical risk factors associated with software engineering project, (ii) risk management for IT outsourcing, (iii) risk management in metropolitan construction project, (iv) health hazard risk management, and (v) appropriate safety measure system selection for improving workers’ safety in an underground coal mining industry. In this research, an ISM approach has been applied to understand the significant interrelationships among the twenty three identified risk factors associated with the software engineering projects. In relation to IT outsourcing project, a hierarchical risk-breakdown structure has been proposed comprising sixty eight risk influencing factors under eleven risk dimensions. A case study has been conducted in a famous IT sector located at the eastern part of India. An improved fuzzy based decision making approach has been proposed for assessing overall IT outsourcing project risks. The degree of risk of identified risk factors have been shown in crisp values rather than the fuzzy numbers. A logical risk categorization framework has been proposed to categorize the risk factors into different risk levels. A unique action requirement plan has been suggested for effectively controlling the risks towards IT outsourcing project success. In the later part, total twenty one occupational health hazards have been identified and assessed their risk extent based on the exposure assessment procedure. Consequently, a constructive control measure plan has been suggested for different health hazards in view of their risk extent level. A novel risk-based decision making framework has been proposed for selecting the appropriate safety measure system in an underground coal mining industry. In addition to this, a case study has been conducted using twenty potential risk factors associated with five risk dimensions for assessing metropolitan construction project risks. Decision-makers’ risk bearing attitude has also been considered in this study. This study also explores the concept of risk matrix for categorizing the risk factors in different risk levels which would provide guidelines towards controlling risks for enhancing the overall project performance. Risk analysis models delignated herein have been case studied in relation to Indian industries. However, the model or hierarchy of various risk dimensions, risk sources; and classification of health hazards can be applicable to appropriate industries all over the globe. Some alteration may incur depending on the geographic situation of coal mining industry in analyzing occupational health hazards and associated risks. The framework for analyzing risks and occupational health hazards based on fuzzy based decision making approach can be applied in industrial context of different countries. Apart from the case studies mentioned above, the work also proposes a risk based decision support framework for selection of safety measure system for underground coal mines. In this case, occupational risks and alternative safety measure systems have been identified through literature survey. This part is a purely a theoretical formulation followed by analysis of assumed data which has not been case studied in reality. The novelty of the proposed framework is to analyze various risk dimensions in software engineering projects, IT Outsourcing, construction projects; also occupational health hazards in underground coal mining industry in a fuzzy based decision making framework. Instead of exploring historical data, survey report of the company; an experienced decision making group has been appointed to provide subjective judgement in regards of likelihood of occurrence and impact of various risks; consequence of exposure, period of exposure, and probability of exposure of various health hazards. Subjective decision making data have been transformed into appropriate fuzzy number sets to quantify overall risks extent. Thus, the proposed framework provides a platform to quantify extent of risk in industrial context