ISDN3: The next generation networks

Two generations of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), namely ISDN1 and ISDN2, have been developed in the last century. In our view, the convergence of ATM, Internet and active networks will form the basis for the next generation networks called ISDN3. In this paper, we first review ISDN1 and ISDN2 as well as the Internet and active networks. We then discuss some fundamental questions related to the design of ISDN3. Finally, we compare ISDN3 with ISDN1 and ISDN2, and outline what ISDN3 might look like.published_or_final_versio

Active routing service for the next-generation network/ISDN3

In recent years, a new routing method, known as active routing, has been emerging. This involves using active packets to configure customized network paths. Based on a Markov decision model, this paper presents an active routing service for active networks in general and the next generation network, called ISDN3, in particular. Our aim is to determine the active routing policy so as to minimize the network cost. Theoretical analysis is presented to show the advantages of our proposal as compared with three other approaches.published_or_final_versio

Dynamic interlinkage between the Republic of Korea and the International Telecommunication Union through evolving telecommunications issue-structures

This thesis examines dynamic interlinkages between R.O. Korea and the ITU, through looking at Korea's actions within/concerning the ITU - both its organizational system and functions - in what are now complex global telecommunications environments. It attempts to investigate the possibility of the ITU as an alternative to bi-lateral or other multi-lateral arrangements, where R.O. Korea faces vulnerability or insufficient solutions. The theoretical framework is mainly based on neo-realism which emphasises the significance of ’internal-external interactions' to bridge the gap between the internal and external structures in a given 'issue-area' (Ch. II). On the basis of these theoretical arguments and empirical field surveys (both observation and interviews), this research approaches the interlinkages in two-ways: (a) a 'structure-centred approach' involving analysis of both R.O. Korea's telecommunications infrastructure and the ITU's organizational system, where state and non-state members distribute their capabilities; (b) an 'issue-structural approach’ integrating internal and external structures focussing on ITU's four major functions - as issue-areas. The “structural approach” (Chs. III & IV) demonstrates alterations in R.O. Korea's behaviour within the ITU over time. Influenced by internal and external variables, its behaviour has changed starting from the mere use of the ITU as a political arena for 'legitimisation' of its independence in the international community in the 1950s, to the increase of contributions and numbers of delegation composed of c o r p o r a tis t infra-entities in the 1980s. Further, its policy towards the ITU such as 'active participation' won a diplomatic prize by achieving Administrative Council membership in 1989. Overall, the ITU as a UR family system has offered R.O. Korea both an 'alternative' to the UR in which it has not yet gained membership and a 'victory' over competition with its counterpart - N. Korea. Whereas the structural approach demonstrated R.O. Korea's actions intended to achieve rather 'political' goals, the “issue-structural approach” (Chs. V to VIII) demonstrates its actions attempted to gain access to 'functional' goals such as information for telecommunications technologies, regulations, and policies. Being a 'middle power' Member ranking the 10th in the world telecommunications market economy, R.O. Korea has not involved itself in structural conflicts (e.g., North and South) on each issue, but has attempted to narrow the widening gap. However, it has not yet demonstrated use of the ITU in order to 'solve' its vulnerability derived from bilateral agreements. Nor did it use power-resources from the ITU to affect results in another multilateral organization such as GATT, and vice versa. Thus, despite the improvement of Korea's utilization of the ITU, its behaviour still seems to be less efficient than it might be. The thesis concludes (Ch. IX) that, in the changing internal and external telecommunications environments, R.O. Korea needs to improve its overall management for unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral arrangements such as the ITU. The methods and reasons for its interlinkages in both structural and issue-structural analyses suggest several lessons which could be learned from past mistakes or experiences in promoting more efficient management of its relations with the ITU

Quantum packet for the next generation network/ISDN3

This paper proposes a novel method for transporting various types of user traffic effectively over the next generation network called integrated services digital network 3 (ISDN3) (or quantum network) using quantum packets. Basically, a quantum packet comprises one or more 53-byte quanta as generated by a "quantumization" process. While connection-oriented traffic is supported by fixed-size quantum packets each with one quantum to emulate circuit switching, connectionless traffic (e.g., IP packets and active packets) is carried by variable-size quantum packets with multiple quanta to support store-and-forward switching/routing. Our aim is to provide frame-like or datagram-like services while enabling cellbased multiplexing. The quantum packet method also establishes a flexible and extensible framework that caters for future packetization needs while maintaining backward compatibility with ATM. In this paper, we discuss the design ofthe quantum packet method, including its fonnat, the "quantumization" process, and support for different types of user traffic. We also present an analytical model to evaluate the consumption of network resources (or network costs) when quantum packets are employed to transfer losssensitive data using three different approaches: cut-through, storeand-forward and ideal. Close form mathematical expreSSions are obtained for some situations. In particular, in terms of network cost, we discover two interesting equivalence phenomena for the cut-through and store-and-forward approaches under certain conditions and assumptions. Furthermore, analytical and simulation results are presented to study the system behavior. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the design of the ISDN3/quantum network