210,759 research outputs found
The Quantum Frontier
The success of the abstract model of computation, in terms of bits, logical
operations, programming language constructs, and the like, makes it easy to
forget that computation is a physical process. Our cherished notions of
computation and information are grounded in classical mechanics, but the
physics underlying our world is quantum. In the early 80s researchers began to
ask how computation would change if we adopted a quantum mechanical, instead of
a classical mechanical, view of computation. Slowly, a new picture of
computation arose, one that gave rise to a variety of faster algorithms, novel
cryptographic mechanisms, and alternative methods of communication. Small
quantum information processing devices have been built, and efforts are
underway to build larger ones. Even apart from the existence of these devices,
the quantum view on information processing has provided significant insight
into the nature of computation and information, and a deeper understanding of
the physics of our universe and its connections with computation.
We start by describing aspects of quantum mechanics that are at the heart of
a quantum view of information processing. We give our own idiosyncratic view of
a number of these topics in the hopes of correcting common misconceptions and
highlighting aspects that are often overlooked. A number of the phenomena
described were initially viewed as oddities of quantum mechanics. It was
quantum information processing, first quantum cryptography and then, more
dramatically, quantum computing, that turned the tables and showed that these
oddities could be put to practical effect. It is these application we describe
next. We conclude with a section describing some of the many questions left for
future work, especially the mysteries surrounding where the power of quantum
information ultimately comes from.Comment: Invited book chapter for Computation for Humanity - Information
Technology to Advance Society to be published by CRC Press. Concepts
clarified and style made more uniform in version 2. Many thanks to the
referees for their suggestions for improvement
Fault tolerance for holonomic quantum computation
We review an approach to fault-tolerant holonomic quantum computation on
stabilizer codes. We explain its workings as based on adiabatic dragging of the
subsystem containing the logical information around suitable loops along which
the information remains protected.Comment: 16 pages, this is a chapter in the book "Quantum Error Correction",
edited by Daniel A. Lidar and Todd A. Brun, (Cambridge University Press,
2013), at
http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/physics/quantum-physics-quantum-information-and-quantum-computation/quantum-error-correctio
Demonstration of unconditional one-way quantum computations for continuous variables
Quantum computing promises to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for
processing information in ways fundamentally different from today's classical
computers, leading to unprecedented efficiency. One-way quantum computation,
sometimes referred to as the cluster model of quantum computation, is a very
promising approach to fulfil the capabilities of quantum information
processing. The cluster model is realizable through measurements on a highly
entangled cluster state with no need for controlled unitary evolutions. Here we
demonstrate unconditional one-way quantum computation experiments for
continuous variables using a linear cluster state of four entangled optical
modes. We implement an important set of quantum operations, linear
transformations, in the optical phase space through one-way computation. Though
not sufficient, these are necessary for universal quantum computation over
continuous variables, and in our scheme, in principle, any such linear
transformation can be unconditionally and deterministically applied to
arbitrary single-mode quantum states.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Prolegomena to a non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics
We suggest that the framework of quantum information theory, which has been
developing rapidly in recent years due to intense activity in quantum
computation and quantum communication, is a reasonable starting point to study
non-equilibrium quantum statistical phenomena. As an application, we discuss
the non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics of black hole formation and
evaporation.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX with elsart.cls, 8 postscript figures. Special issue
on quantum computation of Chaos, Solitons, and Fractal
- …