Quantitative Analysis of some Germplasms of lablab Bean in Uttar Pradesh

Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet is an ancient multipurpose legume that combines use as human food and forage in addition to serving as a cover crop for soil conservation. The crop is believed to be cultivated in south India as early as 1400 – 1500 BC. Although wide variability for agro-morphological traits exists in India, a more extensive germplasm collection and evaluation has not been reported so far. Hence the present study was undertaken with a set of 50 lablab accessions mainly collected from south India including nine accessions of exotic origin. All the 50 accessions were characterized for 29 qualitative and 10 quantitative traits. Further, there exists very high genetic differentiation between the exotic and the lines of Indian origin as also evident from biplot and scatter plot analysis. Although the exotic lines deviated for the Indian lines for majority of the traits, much of the useful variation for genetic improvement of vegetable traits existed among the Indian accessions while, the exotic lines possessed traits of forage importance

Quantitative analysis of Clausius inequality

In the context of driven diffusive systems, for thermodynamic transformations over a large but finite time window, we derive an expansion of the energy balance. In particular, we characterize the transformations which minimize the energy dissipation and describe the optimal correction to the quasi-static limit. Surprisingly, in the case of transformations between homogeneous equilibrium states of an ideal gas, the optimal transformation is a sequence of inhomogeneous equilibrium states.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.646

Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Extract and Fraction of Star Fruit (Averrhoa Carambola L.) Leaves Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is potential as raw material for medicine, native in tropic areas, including Indonesia. According to other study report, starfruit leaves containing flavonoids apigenin and quercetin as potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. The raw material for the drug in Indonesia mostly obtained through imports from other countries. In order to support the independence of traditional medicine raw materials, it is important to standardize the quality of traditional medicine raw materials, in this case is star fruit leaves by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The sample used is star fruit leaves extract obtained from maceration process using ethanol 70%; water fraction, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions obtained from fractionation process of the ethanolic extract. Physical parameters analyzed in sample include appearance, color, odor, taste, extract yield, water content, loss of drying, total ash content, residual solvent. Chemical parameters analyzed include apigenin and quercetin contents. The results shows that star fruit leaves used in this study meet the standards of Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia with highest apigenin and quercetin content are in ethyl acetate fraction

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of (Na0.5bi0.5)tio3 Phase with the X-ray Diffraction Technique Using the Rietveld Method

The qualitative and quantitative phase analysis for (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT) phase have been carried out by the X-ray diffraction technique using the Rietveld method. The NBT sample was synthesized by the solid reaction method. Micro structure of the sample was studied using the electron microscope. In this study it have been proposed six models of the least square input parameters, namely NBT1, NBT2, NBT3, NBT4, NBT5 and NBT6 model. The analysis results showed that the most suitable model is NBT3, i.e., a model in which the NBT consists of two phases, namely tetragonal phase, space group I4/mcm, No. 140, lattice parameters a = b = 5.485 (1) Å, c = 7.772 (2) Å, α = β = γ = 90o, weight fraction 93.44% and the rhombohedral phase, space group R3c, No. 161-1, lattice parameters a = b = c = 3.908 (1) Å, α = β = γ = 90,08(4)°, weight fraction 6.56%. Reliability indexs Rwp = 15.91 and Rp = 11.86. Lattice strain (ηT) and crystallite size (DT) for the tetragonal crystal system are respectively 0.015 and 150.00 Å. While the lattice strain (ηR) and crystallite size (DR) for the rhombohedral crystal system are respectively 0.016 and 142.857 Å. The presence of constituent elements of the NBT compound, i.e., Bi, Na, Ti and O, are proven by the X-ray dispersive scattering curve. The phase of NBT sample is redominantly tetragonal (> 90%). The formation of rhombohedral phase (< 7%) in the NBT sample may be due to the grain size and pressure distribution in the precursors during the making of pellets are uneven. So that, the diffusion of the atoms Bi, Na, and Ti during sintering process is not evenly distributed throughout the sample

Quantitative Phase Analysis of the Zrnbmoge Alloys Using Neutron Diffraction Techniques

Quantitative analysis by neutron diffraction technique can be utilized to measure not only the type of compounds but also the amount of compounds present in a solid or powder system. The technique has been proven for a composition analysis due to offering some advantages particularly for elements with very similar atomic numbers, and for their high penetrating power. A quantitative phase analysis experiment by using neutron diffraction has recently been carried out to determine the amount present of phases in ZrNbMoGe system. The data analysis was obtained by Rietveld refinement method. The result shows that the profiles have a very good fitting (Rwp = 12.62 %, 15.45 % and 16.39 %) with the number of reliable factor among 1.0 and 2.0. The phases of Zr, ZrMo2, Zr3Ge and ZrGe are identified in the specimens. The ZG1 specimen contains of 94.19 %wt of Zr phase, 2.05 %wt of ZrMo2 phase, 3.15 %wt of Zr3Ge and 0.59 %wt of ZrGe phase. Whereas the ZG2 specimen comprises of: 84.45 %wt of Zr phase, 4.16 %wt of ZrMo2 phase, 10.18 %wt of Zr3Ge and 1.20 %wt of ZrGe phase. The volume fraction of the minor phases on specimens shows an increase as addition in Ge content

Quantitative Analysis of Saliency Models

Previous saliency detection research required the reader to evaluate performance qualitatively, based on renderings of saliency maps on a few shapes. This qualitative approach meant it was unclear which saliency models were better, or how well they compared to human perception. This paper provides a quantitative evaluation framework that addresses this issue. In the first quantitative analysis of 3D computational saliency models, we evaluate four computational saliency models and two baseline models against ground-truth saliency collected in previous work.Comment: 10 page

Quantitative Analysis of High-Resolution Microendoscopic Images for Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomaﾠ

Background & Aims: High-resolution microendoscopy is an optical imaging technique with the potential to improve the accuracy of endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous neoplasia. Although these microscopic images can be interpreted readily by trained personnel, quantitative image analysis software could facilitate the use of this technology in low-resource settings. In this study, we developed and evaluated quantitative image analysis criteria for the evaluation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic squamous esophageal mucosa. Methods: We performed an image analysis of 177 patients undergoing standard upper endoscopy for screening or surveillance of esophageal squamous neoplasia, using high-resolution microendoscopy, at 2 hospitals in China and at 1 hospital in the United States from May 2010 to October 2012. Biopsy specimens were collected from imaged sites (n = 375), and a consensus diagnosis was provided by 2 expert gastrointestinal pathologists and used as the standard. Results: Quantitative information from the high-resolution images was used to develop an algorithm to identify high-grade squamous dysplasia or invasive squamous cell cancer, based on histopathology findings. Optimal performance was obtained using the mean nuclear area as the basis for classification, resulting in sensitivities and specificities of 93% and 92% in the training set, 87% and 97% in the test set, and 84% and 95% in an independent validation set, respectively. Conclusions: High-resolution microendoscopy with quantitative image analysis can aid in the identification of esophageal squamous neoplasia. Use of software-based image guides may overcome issues of training and expertise in low-resource settings, allowing for widespread use of these optical biopsy technologies