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Quadsim Version 2.1 Student Manual
Quadsim is an intermediate code simulator. It allows you to "run" programs that your compiler generates in intermediate code format. Its user interface is similar to most debuggers in that you can step through your program, instruction by instruction, set breakpoints, examine variable values, and so on.
The intermediate code format used by Quadsim is that described in [Aho 86]. If your compiler generates intermediate code in this format, you will be able to take intermediate-code files generated by your compiler, load them into the simulator, and watch them "run." You are provided with functions that hide the internal representation of intermediate code. You can use these functions within your compiler to generate intermediate code files that can be read by the simulator.
Quadsim was inspired and greatly influenced by [Aho 86]. The material in chapter 8 (Intermediate Code Generation) of [Aho 86] should be considered background material for users of Quadsim
Knowledge-generating Efficiency in Innovation Systems: The relation between structural and temporal effects
Using time series of US patents per million inhabitants, knowledge-generating
cycles can be distinguished. These cycles partly coincide with Kondratieff long
waves. The changes in the slopes between them indicate discontinuities in the
knowledge-generating paradigms. The knowledge-generating paradigms can be
modeled in terms of interacting dimensions (for example, in
university-industry-government relations) that set limits to the maximal
efficiency of innovation systems. The maximum values of the parameters in the
model are of the same order as the regression coefficients of the empirical
waves. The mechanism of the increase in the dimensionality is specified as
self-organization which leads to the breaking of existing relations into the
more diversified structure of a fractal-like network. This breaking can be
modeled in analogy to 2D and 3D (Koch) snowflakes. The boost of knowledge
generation leads to newly emerging technologies that can be expected to be more
diversified and show shorter life cycles than before. Time spans of the
knowledge-generating cycles can also be analyzed in terms of Fibonacci numbers.
This perspective allows for forecasting expected dates of future possible
paradigm changes. In terms of policy implications, this suggests a shift in
focus from the manufacturing technologies to developing new organizational
technologies and formats of human interaction
News from FormCalc and LoopTools
The FormCalc package automates the computation of FeynArts amplitudes up to
one loop including the generation of a Fortran code for the numerical
evaluation of the squared matrix element. Major new or enhanced features in
Version 5 are: iterative build-up of essentially arbitrary phase-spaces
including cuts, convolution with density functions, and uniform treatment of
kinematical variables. The LoopTools library supplies the one-loop integrals
necessary for evaluating the squared matrix element. Its most significant
extensions in Version 2.2 are the five-point family of integrals, and complex
and alternate versions.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 7th International
Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR05), Shonan Village, Japan, 200
Tensorial Reconstruction at the Integrand Level
We present a new approach to the reduction of one-loop amplitudes obtained by
reconstructing the tensorial expression of the scattering amplitudes. The
reconstruction is performed at the integrand level by means of a sampling in
the integration momentum. There are several interesting applications of this
novel method within existing techniques for the reduction of one-loop multi-leg
amplitudes: to deal with numerically unstable points, such as in the vicinity
of a vanishing Gram determinant; to allow for a sampling of the numerator
function based on real values of the integration momentum; to optimize the
numerical reduction in the case of long expressions for the numerator
functions.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure
Reversible Simulation of Irreversible Computation by Pebble Games
Reversible simulation of irreversible algorithms is analyzed in the stylized
form of a `reversible' pebble game. While such simulations incur little
overhead in additional computation time, they use a large amount of additional
memory space during the computation. The reacheable reversible simulation
instantaneous descriptions (pebble configurations) are characterized
completely. As a corollary we obtain the reversible simulation by Bennett and
that among all simulations that can be modelled by the pebble game, Bennett's
simulation is optimal in that it uses the least auxiliary space for the
greatest number of simulated steps. One can reduce the auxiliary storage
overhead incurred by the reversible simulation at the cost of allowing limited
erasing leading to an irreversibility-space tradeoff. We show that in this
resource-bounded setting the limited erasing needs to be performed at precise
instants during the simulation. We show that the reversible simulation can be
modified so that it is applicable also when the simulated computation time is
unknown.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, Submitted to Physica
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