15,061 research outputs found
On the Hilbert Property and the Fundamental Group of Algebraic Varieties
We review, under a perspective which appears different from previous ones,
the so-called Hilbert Property (HP) for an algebraic variety (over a number
field); this is linked to Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem and has important
implications, for instance towards the Inverse Galois Problem.
We shall observe that the HP is in a sense `opposite' to the Chevalley-Weil
Theorem, which concerns unramified covers; this link shall immediately entail
the result that the HP can possibly hold only for simply connected varieties
(in the appropriate sense). In turn, this leads to new counterexamples to the
HP, involving Enriques surfaces. We also prove the HP for a K3 surface related
to the above Enriques surface, providing what appears to be the first example
of a non-rational variety for which the HP can be proved.
We also formulate some general conjectures relating the HP with the topology
of algebraic varieties.Comment: 24 page
Operational identification of the complete class of superlative index numbers: an application of Galois theory
We provide an operational identification of the complete class of superlative index numbers to track the exact aggregator functions of economic aggregation theory. If an index number is linearly homogeneous and a second order approximation in a formal manner that we define, we prove the index to be in the superlative index number class of nonparametric functions. Our definition is mathematically equivalent to Diewert’s most general definition. But when operationalized in practice, our definition permits use of the full class, while Diewert’s definition, in practice, spans only a strict subset of the general class. The relationship between the general class and that strict subset is a consequence of Galois theory. Only a very small number of elements of the general class have been found by Diewert’s method, despite the fact that the general class contains an infinite number of functions. We illustrate our operational, general approach by proving for the first time that a particular family of nonparametric functions, including the Sato-Vartia index, is within the superlative index number class.
Flexibility properties in Complex Analysis and Affine Algebraic Geometry
In the last decades affine algebraic varieties and Stein manifolds with big
(infinite-dimensional) automorphism groups have been intensively studied.
Several notions expressing that the automorphisms group is big have been
proposed. All of them imply that the manifold in question is an
Oka-Forstneri\v{c} manifold. This important notion has also recently merged
from the intensive studies around the homotopy principle in Complex Analysis.
This homotopy principle, which goes back to the 1930's, has had an enormous
impact on the development of the area of Several Complex Variables and the
number of its applications is constantly growing. In this overview article we
present 3 classes of properties: 1. density property, 2. flexibility 3.
Oka-Forstneri\v{c}. For each class we give the relevant definitions, its most
significant features and explain the known implications between all these
properties. Many difficult mathematical problems could be solved by applying
the developed theory, we indicate some of the most spectacular ones.Comment: thanks added, minor correction
The Structure of Differential Invariants and Differential Cut Elimination
The biggest challenge in hybrid systems verification is the handling of
differential equations. Because computable closed-form solutions only exist for
very simple differential equations, proof certificates have been proposed for
more scalable verification. Search procedures for these proof certificates are
still rather ad-hoc, though, because the problem structure is only understood
poorly. We investigate differential invariants, which define an induction
principle for differential equations and which can be checked for invariance
along a differential equation just by using their differential structure,
without having to solve them. We study the structural properties of
differential invariants. To analyze trade-offs for proof search complexity, we
identify more than a dozen relations between several classes of differential
invariants and compare their deductive power. As our main results, we analyze
the deductive power of differential cuts and the deductive power of
differential invariants with auxiliary differential variables. We refute the
differential cut elimination hypothesis and show that, unlike standard cuts,
differential cuts are fundamental proof principles that strictly increase the
deductive power. We also prove that the deductive power increases further when
adding auxiliary differential variables to the dynamics
Holomorphic flexibility properties of complex manifolds
We obtain results on approximation of holomorphic maps by algebraic maps, jet
transversality theorems for holomorphic and algebraic maps, and the homotopy
principle for holomorphic submersions of Stein manifolds to certain algebraic
manifolds.Comment: To appear in Amer. J. Mat
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