Empire of Culture: U.S. Entertainers and the Making of the Pacific Circuit, 1850-1890.

During the mid-nineteenth century, the ongoing development of a robust and expansive U.S. culture industry dovetailed with the emergence of a recognizable Pacific world shaped by the integrative forces of colonialism and capitalism. In the wake of the California Gold Rush, these seemingly disparate developments intersected as U.S. entertainers flocked to San Francisco and began to tour around the Pacific, giving birth to a vibrant entertainment circuit that fomented interactions and mediated exchanges between the United States and the diverse peoples and cultures of the Pacific world. This dissertation is a transnational cultural history of this Pacific circuit that focuses on the experiences of the U.S. entertainers that moved through it and their reciprocal interactions with the people and places that they encountered along the way. While the Pacific circuit generated a range of responses and served a variety of ends, within its capacious framework I seek to develop three broad and related themes. The first centers on the workings and transnational trajectory of the U.S. culture industry, which ensured that U.S. entertainers assumed a prominent and profitable position on the developing circuit. The second theme looks at how the performances of U.S. entertainers in transnational contexts were dynamic interactions imbued with cross-cultural meaning and long-term impacts. Lastly, the dissertation explores the complex relationship between the evolving Pacific circuit and an expanding U.S. empire. The analysis proceeds from the first circuses and minstrel troupes that embarked on transpacific tours in the early 1850s through the emergence of an increasingly integrated and expansive entertainment circuit in the 1870s. Noteworthy figures covered include General Tom Thumb, Harry Kellar, James Bailey, and the Georgia Minstrels, amongst many others. The Pacific circuit linked together an ever-increasing and shifting set of cultural markets and while Australia was the most significant, U.S. entertainers also visited Hawai’i, New Zealand, Japan, and major colonial ports like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Batavia. Ultimately, this study of the making of the Pacific circuit, and the entertainers that enlivened it, argues that the U.S. culture industry fabricated an “Empire of Culture” in the nineteenth-century Pacific world.Ph.D.American CultureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75991/1/mwittman_1.pd

Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes: Terra Australis 32

Like a star chart this volume orientates the reader to the key issues and debates in Pacific and Australasian biogeography, palaeoecology and human ecology. A feature of this collection is the diversity of approaches ranging from interpretation of the biogeographic significance of plant and animal distributional patterns, pollen analysis from peats and lake sediments to discern Quaternary climate change, explanation of the patterns of faunal extinction events, the interplay of fire on landscape evolution, and models of the environmental consequences of human settlement patterns. The diversity of approaches, geographic scope and academic rigor are a fitting tribute to the enormous contributions of Geoff Hope. As made apparent in this volume, Hope pioneered multidisciplinary understanding of the history and impacts of human cultures in the Australia- Pacific region, arguably the globe’s premier model systems for understanding the consequences of human colonization on ecological systems. The distinguished scholars who have contributed to this volume also demonstrate Hope’s enduring contribution as an inspirational research leader, collaborator and mentor. Terra Australis leave no doubt that history matters, not only for land management, but more importantly, in alerting settler and indigenous societies alike to their past ecological impacts and future environmental trajectories

Ambiente de análise de sentimentos baseado em domínio

More and more people show their opinion and feelings at several available Web services. Microblogging sites, such as the twitter, social networks or forums have become the ordinary media for these people to express themselves. In real time, they say spontaneously and at no cost what they think about different matters. These data analysis is an important resource to understand and to know in advance people's expectations and frustrations about a product, a service and even people or facts. However, each Internet site or service has its own characteristics. Sites' specific jargons, slangs or even specific characteristics of services where persons express their opinions don't have a pattern, making difficult the use of learning systems previously developed for other sites. For this purpose a strategy was proposed a strategy that allows the analysis of feelings based on site and that establishes steps to quickly create an environment for the analysis of feelings according to the site being examined.This strategy comprises making notes on the corpus, the necessary steps for creating annotations according to the site, lexical semantic creation and the development and validation of the classifiers. In order to test this strategy, it was developed the JULGAR system, whose core is based on the computational environment GATE, which is employed for the processing of natural language.Cada vez mais as pessoas colocam suas opiniões e sentimentos em diversos tipos de serviços disponíveis na Web. Sites de microblogging como o twitter, redes sociais ou fóruns têm se tornado o meio comum para elas se expressarem. Elas colocam de forma espontânea, gratuita e em tempo real, opiniões sobre os mais diferentes assuntos. A análise destes dados constitui uma fonte importante e rica para se entender e se antecipar às expectativas e frustrações das pessoas a respeito de um produto, um serviço ou mesmo sobre pessoas ou fatos. Entretanto, cada domínio ou serviço de Internet tem suas peculiaridades. Jargões específicos de um domínio, gírias ou mesmo características próprias dos serviços para as pessoas colocarem as suas opiniões diferem de maneira significativa, o que compromete a utilização de sistemas de aprendizado de máquina desenvolvidos anteriormente para outros domínios. Com isto em mente, foi proposta uma estratégia para permitir a análise de sentimentos baseada em domínio, a qual estabelece os passos para se montar rapidamente um ambiente de análise de sentimentos e conteúdo de acordo com o domínio sendo examinado. Esta estratégia contempla desde o processo de anotação do corpus, os passos necessários para a criação de anotações de acordo com o domínio, criação de léxicos semânticos e o desenvolvimento e validação dos classificadores. Para testar esta estratégia foi desenvolvido o sistema JULGAR, cujo núcleo está baseado no ambiente computacional GATE utilizado para o processamento de linguagem natural

IKUWA6. Shared Heritage

Celebrating the theme ‘Shared heritage’, IKUWA6 (the 6th International Congress for Underwater Archaeology), was the first such major conference to be held in the Asia-Pacific region, and the first IKUWA meeting hosted outside Europe since the organisation’s inception in Germany in the 1990s. A primary objective of holding IKUWA6 in Australia was to give greater voice to practitioners and emerging researchers across the Asia and Pacific regions who are often not well represented in northern hemisphere scientific gatherings of this scale; and, to focus on the areas of overlap in our mutual heritage, techniques and technology. Drawing together peer-reviewed presentations by delegates from across the world who converged in Fremantle in 2016 to participate, this volume covers a stimulating diversity of themes and niche topics of value to maritime archaeology practitioners, researchers, students, historians and museum professionals across the world

Australian PLT practitioners’ engagements with scholarship of teaching and learning

 Drawing on Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology and Certeau’s heterological science to investigate individual and extra-individual dimensions of Australian PLT practitioners’ engagements with scholarship of teaching and learning, this thesis identified obstacles and opportunities for recognition of professional legal education and training as emergent professional practice in law and education

Small sugar farmer agency in the tropics 1872-1914 and the anomalous Herbert River Farmers' Association

One hundred and thirty-six years ago six immigrant small selectors formed the Herbert River Farmers’ Association (HRFA). On the Herbert a plantation mode of sugar production began in 1872. The selectors there, used the HRFA to actively participate in the transition of the tropical Australian sugar industry from plantation to small, family farms by 1914. Associations such as theirs formed the cornerstone of the institutional foundations of a globally unique and successful industry farmed by small, family farmers. Principal exponents of sugar industry organization history have consistently dismissed the small sugar cane farmers’ associations. Broader sugar industry scholarship however, identified them as having contributed to the demise of plantation production and the development of farm-based central milling. This assessment recognized that the HRFA and fellow small associations promoted small farming and that their members proved that white, small sugar farmers could farm in a tropical environment without detriment to their health and could provide a reliable supply of high-quality cane. Agricultural associations in sugar growing regions in the period 1872 to 1914 were dominated by white elite planters, practising an exploitative mode of production that used unfree or indentured coloured labour. Furthermore, land was not distributed equally to planters and small farmers alike, denying the small farmers, white or otherwise, the type of independence that came to characterise Australian white, small, sugar farmers. Land ownership and the freedom to form associations allowed the small selectors of the Herbert River Valley in tropical north Queensland in the late nineteenth century to negotiate with the planters in a way that the tenant farmers and share-croppers in other sugar growing regions could not. Accounts of the origins and nature of the sugar industry agricultural association movement focus exclusively on the planter associations while small sugar farmer associations are virtually invisible in the scholarship. Agricultural associations were vehicles both planters and farmers used to access rural extension, promote agricultural skills and innovation, and lobby with one voice. A top-down approach has made for a void in the understanding and appreciation of the development and role of small sugar industry agricultural associations in Australia. The Australian small sugar farmers’ association was unique in the global sugar industry association movement and the HRFA was the first of its kind in the plantation era in tropical Australia

Sisters in Service: Dominican Lay Sisters, Eastern Australia 1867-2019

In 1867, eight Dominican sisters travelled from Kingstown, Ireland to Australia. They had been invited by Bishop James Murray, recently appointed to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maitland, New South Wales, to open boarding and select day schools for middle class Catholic girls of the area and to staff his already functioning denominational primary school. Two of the women were lay sisters - housekeepers and home makers for the cloistered community. Their role was to complement the work of the six choir sisters, the teachers, who also carried responsibility for formal daily participation in the official Prayer of the Church. This thesis considers the collective lives of the first two lay sisters and the other 78 women who joined this class in Maitland alongside 295 choir sisters, between 1867 and 1958, when the division was suppressed. It discusses how this European two-tiered system of Religious Life adapted to Australian conditions, the circumstances that led to the abolition of the ages-old class system, and the outcomes for those formerly known as lay sisters after 1958. Original archival material has been employed extensively for both the prosopographical and biographical detail described in this thesis. These resources are given weight by the application of Intersectionality theory and the works of Edgar Schein on institutional culture and its evolution. Other secondary sources have also proved invaluable for aspects of Religious Life as experienced over one and a half centuries. The lack of reference to lay sisters in most of these works points to the unique nature of this study. During the years 1958-2019 those women previously referred to as lay sisters individually found new identity and purpose. Their search was compounded by factors that were revolutionary for the total Congregation membership: the forced amalgamation with three other Australian Dominican groups; the impact of Vatican II's introduction of a new theology of Religious Life and its profound respect for the individual participant; the discontinuance of the Congregation's boarding schools; the move away from large communities and corporate ministries; and the rapid decline in membership after 1965. Answers to questions raised in this thesis are found at the intersection of social, political, economic and ecclesial developments over almost 150 years. The women acted as both product and agent of an evolutionary convent culture that they deeply lived, and some continue to live, through the revolutionary changes in lifestyle as experienced by all women's religious communities in the post-Vatican II era. Lay sisters, like all sisters in their Congregation, carried the weight of transnationalism, underwent generational mentoring and experienced the undermining caused by patriarchy and kyriarchy. Constant challenges and new perspectives were faced as the doors of the cloister were thrown open. The role of women changed, education for girls was the new normal, access to good scripture and theological education became available for women, communication and technology developed dramatically and even once core values of conformity and uniformity were dismantled in favour of collaboration and dialogue. Ultimately, the lay sister lived a God-seeking life. Vatican II pointed to a different way of being religious in the contemporary world. The sisters listened. As they weaved the old routines of doing things into the new with skill and determination, those once referred to as lay sisters not only survived, they thrived

Communicating Science

Modern science communication has emerged in the twentieth century as a field of study, a body of practice and a profession—and it is a practice with deep historical roots. We have seen the birth of interactive science centres, the first university actions in teaching and conducting research, and a sharp growth in employment of science communicators. This collection charts the emergence of modern science communication across the world. This is the first volume to map investment around the globe in science centres, university courses and research, publications and conferences as well as tell the national stories of science communication. How did it all begin? How has development varied from one country to another? What motivated governments, institutions and people to see science communication as an answer to questions of the social place of science? Communicating Science describes the pathways followed by 39 different countries. All continents and many cultures are represented. For some countries, this is the first time that their science communication story has been told