38,544 research outputs found
A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence
This paper is a survey of a large number of informal definitions of
``intelligence'' that the authors have collected over the years. Naturally,
compiling a complete list would be impossible as many definitions of
intelligence are buried deep inside articles and books. Nevertheless, the
70-odd definitions presented here are, to the authors' knowledge, the largest
and most well referenced collection there is.Comment: 12 LaTeX page
Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basis
The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given
case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact
description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this
task, and therefore propose an attention-based neural network method to jointly
model the charge prediction task and the relevant article extraction task in a
unified framework. The experimental results show that, besides providing legal
basis, the relevant articles can also clearly improve the charge prediction
results, and our full model can effectively predict appropriate charges for
cases with different expression styles.Comment: 10 pages, accepted by EMNLP 201
Applications of Expert Systems in Transport
BACKGROUND
Experienced judgement and specialist knowledge are essential to the proper specification, understanding and interpretation of data and computer analyses. The human expert has traditionally supplied this knowledge and judgement with the computer doing the necessary number-crunching. However, artificial intelligence (AI) research provides ways of embodying this knowledge and judgement within computer programs. Despite an early lead in the field, UK research and developmnent into AI techniques was held back in the 1970s when the then Science Research Council took the view that the 'combinatorial explosion' of possibilities would be an insurmountable obstacle to AI developent. But in America and Japan research continued, and the surge of interest in the 1980s has been a consequence of the 'Fifth Generation Computer' research programme initiated by Japan (Feigenbaum and McCorduck; 1984). This led in Europe to the ESPRIT programme of advanced technology research, and in the UK to the Alvey programme (Department of Industry, 1982). As a result, all sectors of industry have been encouraged to consider how such advanced technology can be applied, and the transport industry is no exception.
This paper sets out to explain some of the relevant techniques in simple terms, and to describe a number of situations in which transport planning and operations might be helped through their use, illustrating this by reference to the pioneering work going on in transport applications in the USA, Britain and Australia
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