Multi-agent based simulation of self-governing knowledge commons

The potential of user-generated sensor data for participatory sensing has motivated the formation of organisations focused on the exploitation of collected information and associated knowledge. Given the power and value of both the raw data and the derived knowledge, we advocate an open approach to data and intellectual-property rights. By treating user-generated content as well as derived information and knowledge as a common-pool resource, we hypothesise that all participants can be compensated fairly for their input. To test this hypothesis, we undertake an extensive review of experimental, commercial and social participatory-sensing applications, from which we identify that a decentralised, community-oriented governance model is required to support this open approach. We show that the Institutional Analysis and Design framework as introduced by Elinor Ostrom, in conjunction with a framework for self-organising electronic institutions, can be used to give both an architectural and algorithmic base for the necessary governance model, in terms of operational and collective choice rules specified in computational logic. As a basis for understanding the effect of governance on these applications, we develop a testbed which joins our logical formulation of the knowledge commons with a generic model of the participatory-sensing problem. This requires a multi-agent platform for the simulation of autonomous and dynamic agents, and a method of executing the logical calculus in which our electronic institution is specified. To this end, firstly, we develop a general purpose, high performance platform for multi-agent based simulation, Presage2. Secondly, we propose a method for translating event-calculus axioms into rules compatible with business rule engines, and provide an implementation for JBoss Drools along with a suite of modules for electronic institutions. Through our simulations we show that, when building electronic institutions for managing participatory sensing as a knowledge commons, proper enfranchisement of agents (as outlined in Ostrom's work) is key to striking a balance between endurance, fairness and reduction of greedy behaviour. We conclude with a set of guidelines for engineering knowledge commons for the next generation of participatory-sensing applications.Open Acces

Libertades de expresión e información en Internet y las redes sociales: ejercicio, amenazas y garantías

515 p.Libro ElectrónicoLa obra concentra los trabajos de cuarenta autores, casi todos doctores en Derecho, así como reconocidos especialistas en Internet. Bajo el tema general de la libertad de expresión e información en la red, sus garantías y amenazas, se abordan análisis generales sobre las libertades informativas en internet; sobre el uso político y participativo de internet y las redes sociales. Activistas políticos y sociales de internet reflexionan sobre los límites del 2.0 en la actividad política. Se abordan también cuestiones jurídicas sobre la responsabilidad por los ilícitos y los prestadores de servicios, así como sobre propiedad intelectual de los contenidos en la red. Una y otra cuestión afectan directamente a la libertad en la red. También se ananaliza júridicamente la situación de derechos y Garantías de los ciudadanos ante la información en internet, con especial atención de la privacidad y de los derechos del público. Finalmente se estudia el fenómeno de las redes sociales desde la perspectiva de la privacidad y la protección del menor.The book consists of the work of forty authors, almost all Phd in law and recognized experts on the Internet law. Under the general issue of freedom for speech in the Internet, the constitutional guarantees and threats to this freedom are analysed. It is also studied the political and participatory use of the Internet and the social networks. Besides, some important political and social ciberactivists reflect on internet 2.0 limits on political activity. The book also deals with legal issues concerning liability of the Internet Service Providers and questions about intellectual property. Both are object of study as elements that affect freedom of expression in the Internet. It is also considered the situation of some rights and guarantees of citizens on the Internet, with special attention to the privacy and rights of the public in relation with mass media. Finally, it is reviewed the social networks phenomenon from the perspective of privacy and child protection. It is the most important legal book on the matter in Spain.I. PRESENTACIÓN II. ÍNDICE GENERAL III CONTENIDO DETALLADO IV. TABLA DE AUTORÍAS V. LISTA DE AUTORES VI. CONGRESO DERECHOTICS ?LIBERTADES INFORMATIVAS EN INTERNET: EJERCICIO, AMENAZAS Y GARANTÍAS?, VALENCIA 14-15 OCTUBRE 2010 1. Galería de imágenes 2. Programa del Congreso 3. Comunicaciones presentadas 4. Audios y vídeos del Congreso PRIMERO. INTERNET Y LIBERTADES INFORMATIVAS SEGUNDO. EL USO POLÍTICO Y PARTICIPATIVO DE INTERNET Y LAS REDES SOCIALES TERCERO. LOS LÍMITES DEL 2.0 A JUICIO DE ACTIVISTAS DE LA POLÍTICICA Y SOCIAL 2.0 CUARTO. RESPONSABILIDAD Y PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL DE LOS CONTENIDOS EN LA RED QUINTO. DERECHOS Y GARANTÍAS DE LOS CIUDADANOS ANTE LA INFORMACIÓN EN INTERNET SEXTO. PRIVACIDAD Y MENORES EN LAS REDES SOCIALE

Privacy on the Data Web

The World Wide Web in its current form, linking documents with hyperlinks in an associative network, has led to a number of concerns about issues related to privacy, copyright, and intellectual property. But the movement away from the linking of documents to the linking of data, a much more powerful paradigm allowing automation of a greater number of information processing tasks, will test legal and technical regimes still further. The linked data Web, in which heterogeneous data is brought together from distributed sources relatively seamlessly with user-provided ontologies, allows information about individuals or organizations to be queried despite being collected at different times for different purposes, with different provenances and different formats. The benefits of such a Web are manifest, but threats to personal privacy will also increase as boundaries blur between personal information published intentionally, that published conditionally (for example, to specific social networking sites for a specific audience) and information over which the subject has no control