18 research outputs found
Primal-dual coding to probe light transport
We present primal-dual coding, a photography technique that enables direct fine-grain control over which light paths contribute to a photo. We achieve this by projecting a sequence of patterns onto the scene while the sensor is exposed to light. At the same time, a second sequence of patterns, derived from the first and applied in lockstep, modulates the light received at individual sensor pixels. We show that photography in this regime is equivalent to a matrix probing operation in which the elements of the scene's transport matrix are individually re-scaled and then mapped to the photo. This makes it possible to directly acquire photos in which specific light transport paths have been blocked, attenuated or enhanced. We show captured photos for several scenes with challenging light transport effects, including specular inter-reflections, caustics, diffuse inter-reflections and volumetric scattering. A key feature of primal-dual coding is that it operates almost exclusively in the optical domain: our results consist of directly-acquired, unprocessed RAW photos or differences between them.Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Research Fellowship)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA Young Faculty Award)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory (Consortium Members
Skin perfusion photography
The separation of global and direct light components of a scene is highly useful for scene analysis, as each component offers different information about illumination-scene-detector interactions. Relying on ray optics, the technique is important in computational photography, but it is often under appreciated in the biomedical imaging community, where wave interference effects are utilized. Nevertheless, such coherent optical systems lend themselves naturally to global-direct separation methods because of the high spatial frequency nature of speckle interference patterns. Here, we extend global-direct separation to laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system to reconstruct speed maps of blood flow in skin. We compare experimental results with a speckle formation model of moving objects and show that the reconstructed map of skin perfusion is improved over the conventional case
Steady-state Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
Conventional intensity cameras recover objects in the direct line-of-sight of
the camera, whereas occluded scene parts are considered lost in this process.
Non-line-of-sight imaging (NLOS) aims at recovering these occluded objects by
analyzing their indirect reflections on visible scene surfaces. Existing NLOS
methods temporally probe the indirect light transport to unmix light paths
based on their travel time, which mandates specialized instrumentation that
suffers from low photon efficiency, high cost, and mechanical scanning. We
depart from temporal probing and demonstrate steady-state NLOS imaging using
conventional intensity sensors and continuous illumination. Instead of assuming
perfectly isotropic scattering, the proposed method exploits directionality in
the hidden surface reflectance, resulting in (small) spatial variation of their
indirect reflections for varying illumination. To tackle the shape-dependence
of these variations, we propose a trainable architecture which learns to map
diffuse indirect reflections to scene reflectance using only synthetic training
data. Relying on consumer color image sensors, with high fill factor, high
quantum efficiency and low read-out noise, we demonstrate high-fidelity color
NLOS imaging for scene configurations tackled before with picosecond time
resolution