34,602 research outputs found
A Coordinate-Descent Algorithm for Tracking Solutions in Time-Varying Optimal Power Flows
Consider a polynomial optimisation problem, whose instances vary continuously
over time. We propose to use a coordinate-descent algorithm for solving such
time-varying optimisation problems. In particular, we focus on relaxations of
transmission-constrained problems in power systems.
On the example of the alternating-current optimal power flows (ACOPF), we
bound the difference between the current approximate optimal cost generated by
our algorithm and the optimal cost for a relaxation using the most recent data
from above by a function of the properties of the instance and the rate of
change to the instance over time. We also bound the number of floating-point
operations that need to be performed between two updates in order to guarantee
the error is bounded from above by a given constant
Decoding the Encoding of Functional Brain Networks: an fMRI Classification Comparison of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Sparse Coding Algorithms
Brain networks in fMRI are typically identified using spatial independent
component analysis (ICA), yet mathematical constraints such as sparse coding
and positivity both provide alternate biologically-plausible frameworks for
generating brain networks. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) would
suppress negative BOLD signal by enforcing positivity. Spatial sparse coding
algorithms ( Regularized Learning and K-SVD) would impose local
specialization and a discouragement of multitasking, where the total observed
activity in a single voxel originates from a restricted number of possible
brain networks.
The assumptions of independence, positivity, and sparsity to encode
task-related brain networks are compared; the resulting brain networks for
different constraints are used as basis functions to encode the observed
functional activity at a given time point. These encodings are decoded using
machine learning to compare both the algorithms and their assumptions, using
the time series weights to predict whether a subject is viewing a video,
listening to an audio cue, or at rest, in 304 fMRI scans from 51 subjects.
For classifying cognitive activity, the sparse coding algorithm of
Regularized Learning consistently outperformed 4 variations of ICA across
different numbers of networks and noise levels (p0.001). The NMF algorithms,
which suppressed negative BOLD signal, had the poorest accuracy. Within each
algorithm, encodings using sparser spatial networks (containing more
zero-valued voxels) had higher classification accuracy (p0.001). The success
of sparse coding algorithms may suggest that algorithms which enforce sparse
coding, discourage multitasking, and promote local specialization may capture
better the underlying source processes than those which allow inexhaustible
local processes such as ICA
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