Using ΔE Distribution as a predictor of digital proofing performance

The performance of color matching in ICC-based Color Management Systems (CMS) is being improved, and its workflow established. As part of the digital workflow, digital proofing plays an important roll in the control of color from capture to the printed page, but its method of evaluation is not clearly understood. To evaluate the degree of color matching by digital proofing in an ICC-based CMS between a reference image and a sample image, the [formula] calculated by averaging the individual color differences is being used. Doing a qualitative evaluation, ICC-based CMS should be able to stand behind the statement that the color space transformation through the Profile Connection Space (PCS) is correlated to visual judgments. The ΔE*a,b Distribution should provide more information than the average [formula] to evaluate the degree of color matching in digital proofing. In this research, the visual judgment between digital proof and a reference image color matches is studied. Using a reference image, and digital proofs as sample images, a psychometric evaluation based on the one-dimensional scaling technique is applied to scale the visual assessments. From the three dimensions: lightness, chroma, and hue; the lightness (L*) dimension was the only aspect addressed to scale the visual assessments. The reference image was generated with the color characterization data for Type 1 printing 1, and digital proofs with the input data characterization of 4-color process printing (IT8.7/3 target)2,3. Those digital proofs were presented to a panel of observers; data were collected, and analyzed to develop a preference scale that represents the qualitative evaluation of the color match. To test the accuracy of the ΔE*a,b Distribution for evaluating the degree of color matching, a quantitative analysis was done. The ΔE*a,b Distribution was analyzed by the cumulative frequency distribution technique between the reference image and the digital proofs, for 182 patches of the IT8.7/3 target, and the best critical value to match the visual scale was obtained. A quantitative evaluation between the digital proofs and the reference image, based on the color characterization data for Type 1 printing 1,4, was used to scale the average [formula] and the ΔE*a,b Distribution. Then, a classical statistical method was applied to those metric scales and to the visual scale to infer that the degree of color matching is better correlated between the visual judgement and the ΔE*a,b Distribution, than between the visual judgement and the average [formula]. Finally, using this method based on the qualitative analysis, a median of the ΔE*a,b Distribution of 52.8% would produce a visual match between the reference and the sample. Endnotes for Abstract ANSI CGATS TR 001-1995 Graphic technology - Color characterization data for Type 1 printing. ISO 12642:1997 Graphic technology - Prepress digital data exchange - Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing. ANSI IT8.7/3. Graphic technology - Input data for characterization of 4-color process printing. Reston, Virginia. June 21 (1993). ANSI CGATS.6-1995 Graphic technology - Specifications for graphic arts printing Type 1

Score Reporting Research and Applications

Score reporting research is no longer limited to the psychometric properties of scores and subscores. Today, it encompasses design and evaluation for particular audiences, appropriate use of assessment outcomes, the utility and cognitive affordances of graphical representations, interactive report systems, and more. By studying how audiences understand the intended messages conveyed by score reports, researchers and industry professionals can develop more effective mechanisms for interpreting and using assessment data. Score Reporting Research and Applications brings together experts who design and evaluate score reports in both K-12 and higher education contexts and who conduct foundational research in related areas. The first section covers foundational validity issues in the use and interpretation of test scores; design principles drawn from related areas including cognitive science, human-computer interaction, and data visualization; and research on presenting specific types of assessment information to various audiences. The second section presents real-world applications of score report design and evaluation and of the presentation of assessment information. Across ten chapters, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of new techniques and possibilities in score reporting

Building a four year post-secondary curriculum in educational science and technology

This report begins by providing background information on educational technology in the Netherlands, differences between a four-year program in the Netherlands and undergraduate programs in the United States, and the structure of Dutch university programs. The need for a Department of Educational Science and Technology at the Twente University of Technology and characteristics of the department are then addressed, followed by a discussion of the starting points and procedure of curriculum planning and a description of the structure of the curriculum. Activities involved in carrying out the plans--course construction, development of the TO-laboratory (a computer, audiovisual, and learning resource center), and student recruitment--are also discussed. The report concludes with an evaluation of the program at the end of the first year of operation. This evaluation focused on the effects of modular course construction, and the interrelationships of courses, study load, and number of possible drop-outs. Four appendixes provide: (1) the results of a job analysis of the tasks performed by professionals in the field that was undertaken as part of the curriculum planning process; (2) an outline of the department's curriculum; (3) a general model for structured problem solving; and (4) a floor plan of the TO-laboratory. (MES

Score Reporting Research and Applications

Score reporting research is no longer limited to the psychometric properties of scores and subscores. Today, it encompasses design and evaluation for particular audiences, appropriate use of assessment outcomes, the utility and cognitive affordances of graphical representations, interactive report systems, and more. By studying how audiences understand the intended messages conveyed by score reports, researchers and industry professionals can develop more effective mechanisms for interpreting and using assessment data. Score Reporting Research and Applications brings together experts who design and evaluate score reports in both K-12 and higher education contexts and who conduct foundational research in related areas. The first section covers foundational validity issues in the use and interpretation of test scores; design principles drawn from related areas including cognitive science, human-computer interaction, and data visualization; and research on presenting specific types of assessment information to various audiences. The second section presents real-world applications of score report design and evaluation and of the presentation of assessment information. Across ten chapters, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of new techniques and possibilities in score reporting

The historic built environment and a sense of place : Jagersfontein : a mining town in the Free State , South Africa

Includes bibliographical references.The primary purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which the historic built environment plays a role in the establishment of a Sense of Place in the South African context with its diverse population and complex political history. The underlying rationale for this focus is that a strong connection between a Sense of Place and the historic built environment has the potential to translate to a strong motivation for its preservation. The focus in this research is on a single case, a historic diamond mining town in the Free State Province of South Africa, dating to 1869, with a rich and diverse history. The research was conducted employing a multi-paradigmatic approach grounded in Phenomenology and Psychometrics

Take Charge for Therapy Discharge: Outcomes of a Patient Education Program Applying the CO-OP Approach

A thorough needs assessment at HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital of Largo revealed slight dissatisfaction scores on the Press Ganey survey for both the occupational therapy department and discharge planning processes. This quality improvement project, Take Charge for Therapy Discharge, implemented a two-session patient education protocol using the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach. Using the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), participants identified and prioritized three therapy goals and rated their perceived current performance. Results demonstrated a significant difference between the participants’ PSFS pre and post-intervention scores. Patients’ improved self-perceived goal attainment scores served as evidence that, in addition to using the CO-OP approach, the therapists were actively addressing the patients’ prioritized therapy goals

Benchmarking foreign electronics technologies

This report has been drafted in response to a request from the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center`s (JTEC) Panel on Benchmarking Select Technologies. Since April 1991, the Competitive Semiconductor Manufacturing (CSM) Program at the University of California at Berkeley has been engaged in a detailed study of quality, productivity, and competitiveness in semiconductor manufacturing worldwide. The program is a joint activity of the College of Engineering, the Haas School of Business, and the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, under sponsorship of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and with the cooperation of semiconductor producers from Asia, Europe and the United States. Professors David A. Hodges and Robert C. Leachman are the project`s Co-Directors. The present report for JTEC is primarily based on data and analysis drawn from that continuing program. The CSM program is being conducted by faculty, graduate students and research staff from UC Berkeley`s Schools of Engineering and Business, and Department of Economics. Many of the participating firms are represented on the program`s Industry Advisory Board. The Board played an important role in defining the research agenda. A pilot study was conducted in 1991 with the cooperation of three semiconductor plants. The research plan and survey documents were thereby refined. The main phase of the CSM benchmarking study began in mid-1992 and will continue at least through 1997. reports are presented on the manufacture of integrated circuits; data storage; wireless technology; human-machine interfaces; and optoelectronics. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database