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    Position estimation and fall detection using visual receding horizon estimation

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    International audienceThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the position of a human in the image frame and to use this information to diagnose falls. A nonholonomic locomotion model describes the displacement of the human due to the similarities between human and nonholonomic mobile robot displacements. To estimate the human position in the world frame, the principle of Receding Horizon Estimation (RHE) is extended in the image plane. Indeed, this estimator is able to take into account an occlusion as a visual constraint. Residuals, errors between measured and estimated visual features, are generated to feed an alert dispositive. The latter will be used for the monitoring of an elderly person in a rest home. Thus the ground is assumed to be flat and a fixed perspective camera watches the scene. The simulations highlight the efficiency of the proposed approach, both without or with occlusions

    DĂ©tection de la prĂ©sence humaine et Ă©valuation de la qualitĂ© du sommeil en Ă©tablissement d’hĂ©bergement pour personnes ĂągĂ©es dĂ©pendantes (EHPAD)

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    In France, in Europe and worldwide, the aging population is a reality. Some of these elderly people lose their autonomy as they are no longer able to manage alone the tasks of daily life. The societal issue is therefore to ensure a level of well-being and safety of these persons, consistent with changes in living standards, customs and modern habits. The research areas related to the problems of elderly people at home are showing great dynamism, while the nursing home, which remains the solution for cases of high dependence, is somewhat neglected. Nevertheless, staff shortages combined with rising costs and residents’ demands offer an opportunity for innovative ICT-based solutions. The work presented here was performed, in the context of a CIFRE doctoral thesis, within the Legrand research team and at the physics and electronics department of Mines-Telecom SudParis at Evry. The subject and project aim was twofold: firstly, designing a new sensor which will be incorporated in the electrical installation of the patient’s living space, and secondly, a multi-sensor merger to monitor the activity of the resident in order to enable real-time reporting of situations requiring the caregiver’s intervention or to detect slow drifts whose interpretation will be the responsibility of the medical staff. The work carried out for the purpose of this thesis has been included partially in the FUI 14 project whose propose is precisely the “supervision of residents in the nursing home”. The present paper is structured in such a way as to introduce the background of the work and the approach taken to perform it. The context and needs identified for monitoring of nursing home residents are also introduced. We begin by describing existing monitoring systems and the technical methods used to detect emergency situations. We end the first part (chapter 1) of this paper by specifying the major problem encountered when testing existing monitoring systems based on ambient sensors: namely how to detect the presence of an immobile and silent person in the room. Using an existing pyro-electric infrared sensors network installation in a nursing home, the next section proposes an original solution for detecting human presence in a room and also for differentiating between the presence of one and the presence of more than one person (chapter 2). Chapter 3 presents a new sensor integrated into the electrical installation of the patient’s living space. Here, we introduce a thermopile based thermal sensor in order to detect the presence of a person in his/her living space. In this work we restrict the use of this sensor to detecting the presence of the person in bed (chapter 4). The estimation of sleep quality which represents the original dimension of our work is presented in chapter 5. Differentiation between different phases of sleep is based on unsupervised classification approaches. Our project opens up encouraging prospects for the use of this type of sensor for relatively fine characterization of different kinds of sleepEn France, en Europe et dans le monde entier, le vieillissement de la population est une rĂ©alitĂ©. Une partie de cette population ĂągĂ©e est dite dĂ©pendante car elle n’est plus en mesure d’assumer seule les tĂąches de la vie quotidienne. L’enjeu sociĂ©tal est alors de garantir un niveau de bien-ĂȘtre et de sĂ©curitĂ© Ă  ces personnes, compatible avec l’évolution du niveau de vie et des usages et habitudes ‘modernes’. TrĂšs logiquement, les domaines de recherche liĂ©s Ă  la problĂ©matique des personnes ĂągĂ©es Ă  domicile font preuve d’un grand dynamisme, alors que la maison de retraite, qui reste la solution pour la grande dĂ©pendance, a Ă©tĂ© un peu dĂ©laissĂ©e. NĂ©anmoins, la pĂ©nurie de personnel conjuguĂ©e Ă  l’augmentation des coĂ»ts et des exigences des rĂ©sidents offre une opportunitĂ© Ă  des solutions innovantes basĂ©es sur les TIC. Les travaux de cette thĂšse de doctorat sous convention CIFRE se sont dĂ©roulĂ©s dans ce contexte au sein de l’équipe de recherche de Legrand et du dĂ©partement d’Electronique et Physique de TĂ©lĂ©com SudParis Ă  Evry. Le sujet concerne la conception d’un nouveau capteur (non-portĂ©) intĂ©grant l’installation Ă©lectrique du lieu de vie du patient ainsi que la fusion avec d’autres capteurs de l’infrastructure afin de suivre l’activitĂ© du rĂ©sident et, le cas Ă©chĂ©ant, soit signaler en temps rĂ©el des situations nĂ©cessitant le recours d’un aidant, soit identifier des dĂ©rives lentes dont l’interprĂ©tation sera du ressort du personnel mĂ©dical. Les travaux de la thĂšse ont Ă©tĂ© en partie intĂ©grĂ©s au projet FUI14 « E-monitor’ñge » dont l’objectif est prĂ©cisĂ©ment la « supervision » des rĂ©sidents. Ce mĂ©moire est structurĂ© de maniĂšre Ă  prĂ©senter l’historique de ces travaux et la dĂ©marche opĂ©rĂ©e pour leur rĂ©alisation. Nous introduisons le contexte et les besoins identifiĂ©s pour le suivi des personnes ĂągĂ©es dans les maisons de retraites. Nous faisons un point sur les systĂšmes de supervision/monitoring existants et nous prĂ©sentons les mĂ©thodes et les techniques de dĂ©tection de situations d’urgence. Nous terminons cette partie du mĂ©moire (chapitre 1) par la spĂ©cification du problĂšme majeur rencontrĂ© par ces systĂšmes de supervision qui est celui de la dĂ©tection de prĂ©sence d’une personne. En s’appuyant sur la technologie des capteurs pyro-Ă©lectriques, la partie suivante propose une solution originale de traitement de signal pour la dĂ©tection d’une prĂ©sence humaine dans une chambre voire la dĂ©tection de prĂ©sence de plusieurs personnes Ă  la fois (chapitre 2). Le chapitre 3 introduit ensuite un capteur thermique Ă  base de thermopiles afin de dĂ©tecter la prĂ©sence d’une personne dans son lit, ce que ne permet pas la technologie pyro-Ă©lectrique qui ne dĂ©tecte pas un corps chaud immobile. Dans cette partie nous limitons l’utilisation de ce capteur Ă  la dĂ©tection de la prĂ©sence de la personne dans son lit (chapitre 4) voire Ă  l’estimation de la qualitĂ© de son sommeil qui constitue d’une part l’originalitĂ© de nos travaux s’appuyant sur des approches de classification non-supervisĂ©e, et qui ouvre des perspectives encourageantes quant Ă  l’utilisation de ce capteur pour caractĂ©riser relativement finement le type de sommeil d’autre part (chapitre 5
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