O concheiro de Salamansa (Ilha de São Vicente, arquipélago de Cabo Verde) : nota preliminar

Cardoso, João Luís [et al.] - O concheiro de Salamansa (Ilha de São Vicente, arquipélago de Cabo Verde) : nota preliminar. "Portugalia" [Em linha]. ISSN 0871-4290. Nova Série, vol. 23 (2002), p. 221-23

Fiscal Policy in the EU Countries Most Affected by the Crisis: Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain

The global financial crisis which began in 2007-2008 had a negative effect on the economy of the European Union, mainly in selected countries of the euro area: Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. These peripheral euro zone countries come out of recession and the financial crisis largely due to the great financial support of the international institutions. Hundreds of billions of euro were spent to save these economies. At the same time, however, these countries were characterized by the lowest level of fiscal policy - measured by share of taxes in GDP - among the countries of the euro area.Światowy kryzys finansowy, który rozpoczął się w latach 2007-2008 w USA wpłynął negatywnie na gospodarkę Unii Europejskiej, a głównie na euro area, czyli w Grecji, Irlandii, Hiszpanii i Portugalii. Te peryferyjne kraje strefy euro wychodzą z recesji i kryzysu finansowego w dużym stopniu dzięki wielkiemu wsparciu finansowemu instytucji międzynarodowych. Na uratowanie tych gospodarek przeznaczono setki miliardów euro. Równocześnie jednak kraje te charakteryzowały się najniższym stopniem fiskalizacji mierzonym udziałem podatków w GDP wśród krajów należących do strefy euro

Europa w kryzysie: perspektywy go¬spodarcze Unii Europejskiej do 2020 roku w kontekście problemów rozwojowych państw grupy PIIGS

In 2009 the European Union, and in particular the euro zone, slid into a stage of economic recession, on account of the spreading global financial crisis, referred to as ‘2008+.’ Considerable developmental problems are being experienced by the group of countries referred to as PIIGS, particularly by Greece. Due to the tight developmental interdependencies in the European common market, the bankruptcy of Greece could cause a domino effect, i.e. the collapse of other Mediterranean economies, such as Spain or Italy, financial difficulties for Germany and France, and consequently a threat to integration processes throughout Europe. This paper is the first part of the analysis of this issue, where the author analyzes both the causes and effects of the present financial crisis in the euro zone, the first correctional activities undertaken by the EU institutions, and further developmental prospects of the European Union by 202

The European Free Trade Association – 50 Years of Existence

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member States: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The Association is responsible for the management of: The EFTA Convention, which forms the legal basis of the organization and governs free trade relations between the EFTA States; EFTA’s worldwide network of free trade and partnership agreements; and The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement, which enables three of the four EFTA Member States (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) to participate in the EU’s Internal Market. The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of EFTA, during the 50 years of existence, whose history, since it was established in 1960, is part of the political and economic history of Europe after the Second World War.Intergovernmental organization, convention, treaty, member state, free trade

Rocha Peixoto: o gosto pela cerâmica e pelos seus artífices

Neste texto analisa-se a obra publicada por Rocha Peixoto sobre a cerâmica, comprovando-se a importância que este autor atribui ao trabalho de campo, ao uso do desenho e da fotografia, ao anotar dos dados recolhidos em cadernos de campo, à recolha de peças nos museus e à necessidade de pesquisar documentação de arquivo para melhor conhecer as olarias a estudar. Percorre-se a vasta obra do autor, analisando-se em pormenor os locais de produção cerâmica por ele referidos e procedendo-se ao levantamento das fotografias e desenhos que Rocha Peixoto possuía e que são hoje documentos imprescindíveis para quem estuda a cerâmica em Portugal

Trwałość konwergencji nominalnej w Polsce z perspektywy uczestnictwa w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej

This article examines sustainability of nominal convergence in Poland and the ability of the Polish economy to operate in the EMU. Particular attention is paid to the determination of the reference value for price stability and the stability of long-term interest rates. The article proposes several alternatives for them. The analysis shows that Poland has great difficulty in meeting the criterion for price stability and budget deficit. The article also analyzes the sustainability of convergence in the euro area countries during the economic crisis. The assessment of stability of convergence criteria in the euro area may have a significant implications for countries with a derogation. Emphasis is put to sustainability of public finance. The analysis shows that if Poland manages to stabilize inflation in terms of nominal convergence criteria, it may prove to become a prospective candidate for participation in the euro area

Chińskie imperium ratuje euroland przed kryzysem

Since 2007 the world has been dealing with financial and economic crisis. From that moment a period of enormous loans for indebted countries, especially for PIGS countries, has started. It is also the period of budget savings within the social, pension and wage area. Workers’ enslavement and a high unemployment rate caused mass demonstrations spreading from one neighboring country to another. The only solution to stabilize the situation in many countries was the infusion of an enormous amount of money in order to deal with multibillion debt. That is why, the EU has decided to help the European economies and the Euro zone. There has also been a real need for a bigger bailout. China has turned out to be a country that helped and stimulated many EU economies. The Asian country has given the financial support to countries belonging to PIGS. What is more, thanks to some investments China has started an ‘economic invasion’ in Europe. However, Chinese help is not disinteresting as it wants to achieve some political goal

EU INTEGRATION AND TOURISM DESTINATION MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF PORTUGAL

The EU membership has brought many benefits to Portugal by improving the access to the European policies and funds. The tourism sector is one of the fast growing industries in the country (accounting for approximately 11% of GDP) and it has strongly benefited from the EU integration, making Portugal one of the top destinations in the world. However, the recent economic slowdown, coupled with phenomena of worldwide proportions (the 11th September and the 4th March terrorist attacks, the SARS outbreak and, most recently, the avian flu threat) have made tourism professionals question about how destinations should be managed in a more innovative, responsible and profitable way. This paper attempts to provide, on one hand, some theoretical and empirical findings on Portuguese tourism evolution during the two-decade period of EU membership, with reference to some European support schemes and their impact on Portugal as a tourist destination. On the other hand, it aims to point out critical issues that are essential to depict future trends in destination management, which can be useful to emerging tourist destinations, such as many countries in Eastern Europe. Since Romania is a fast growing country in terms of international tourist arrivals and a candidate country in the next EU enlargement process, the Portuguese experience could be an interesting case to learn from.EU Integration; Tourism; Portugal

Marine radiocarbon reservoir effect of coastal waters off Cape Verde archipelago

Quantification of the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (Delta R) is essential in order to calibrate conventional C-14 dates from marine shell samples with reliability. Delta R also provides information concerning the intensity of coastal upwelling in marine regions influenced by this phenomenon. C-14 ages of closely associated marine samples (mollusk shells) and terrestrial samples (goat bones) from Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde Archipelago, permitted the first calculation of the marine C-14 reservoir effect in this region. A Delta R weighted mean value of 70 +/- 70 C-14 yr was obtained. This value is in accordance with the previously published oceanographic conditions of the region indicating the existence of a seasonal active upwelling regime

Changes in Polish Pension System in Light of White Paper: Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions

Celem artykułu było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy zmiany w polskim systemie emerytalnym w zakresie warunków nabywania uprawnień emerytalnych, których implementacja rozpoczęła się z początkiem 2013 roku, są spójne z wytycznymi przedstawionymi w Białej Księdze: Agenda na rzecz adekwatnych, bezpiecznych i stabilnych emerytur. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, stopniowe podwyższenie wieku emerytalnego dla kobiet i mężczyzn od 2013 roku będzie sprzyjało podwyższeniu efektywnego wieku emerytalnego, który w Polsce nadal jest relatywnie niski. Natomiast wprowadzenie nowego rodzaju świadczenia, to jest emerytury częściowej, która może stanowić przejściowo „dodatek” do płacy do momentu osiągnięcia podwyższonego wieku emerytalnego, jest sprzeczne z wytycznymi Białej Księgi w zakresie adekwatności emerytur i może przyczynić się do wzrostu ryzyka ubóstwa wśród przyszłych emerytów.The paper aims to answer the question of whether the changes in the Polish pension system regarding the conditions of old-age pension entitlements, the implementation of which started at the beginning of 2013, are consistent with the guidelines set out in the document entitled "White Paper: An Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions". The research outcomes show that the gradual increase in the retirement age for men and women started in 2013 will be consistent with the aim of raising the effective retirement age, which in Poland is still relatively low. However, the introduction of a new type of benefit, a “partial old-age pension”, which can be temporarily used to supplement pay until the increased retirement age is reached, is contrary to the guidelines of the White Paper as regards the adequacy of pensions, and may contribute to higher risk of poverty among future [email protected] Kamila Bielawska – Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Gdańsk